North Atlantic Pact (NATO)
Case study - 7 pages - Political science
April 4, 1949 witnessed the signing of the Treaty of the North Atlantic (or Atlantic Pact) thus marking the birth of the NATO military alliance between the United States, Canada and 10 European countries: France, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Luxembourg, the...
Closed door meeting of North Atlantic Council: NATO-Russia relations
Thesis - 3 pages - International relations
Vladimir Putin's Russia is no longer the towering superpower it had been twenty years ago, and its influence and military might are considerably less of a force in global politics. But, thanks to a huge and poorly maintained nuclear arms force, the growing instability in the Caucasus, Central...
The Atlantic facade of North America
Essay - 6 pages - Geography
Defining keywords: A coastline is a coastal area, which provides an interface (space contacts, exchanges) between a continental hinterland and a foreland ocean connected by dense and varied communications. This is an area of production and trade activities which led to a phenomenon of coastal...
The European Union and its International Role - Towards a European Federation? (From the European Conference in The Hague to the Rome Treaties, 1948-1957)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
Already during the war, many Resistance groups asked themselves how to stop the cycle of recurring European wars. After 1945, many groups and associations suggested going back to the European ideas of the 20s, which included the concept of a European Union (Briand Plan of 1930). They stressed...
Phrases (Peace - Defense - Disarmament) and... bases - Viktor Govorkov (1952) - Relations between the United States and the USSR in the early 1950s
Artwork commentary - 2 pages - Modern history
On March 12, 1947, the President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, announced his concern about the "Communist threat" before Congress. He thus establishes the American doctrine: "I believe that the United States should support free peoples who resist attempts at enslavement [...]. I believe...
To What Extent Have the United States and Europe Grown Closer or Further Apart After September 11?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
September 11, 2001 appears to be a major turning point in the American management of foreign affairs. Europe, as a major partner and ally, is also impacted by this attack. The objective of our analysis will be to determine the consequences of these. Moreover, the exponential rise in power of...
Towards a European Defense?
Course material - 7 pages - International relations
The problem of a European defense system is not new: we remember the Brussels Treaty of 1948, which was a military alliance between GB, France and the Benelux countries, including a common European general staff which was stationed in Fontainebleau, until it was taken over by NATO...
The Possible Geopolitical Consequences of Further Enlargements of the EU
Course material - 6 pages - Political science
The big enlargement of the EU in 2004 and the last one in 2007 to Bulgaria and Romania have been greeted with skepticism or even hostile reactions in large sectors of European public opinion. This situation, which probably contributed to the failure of the Constitutional Treaty in France...
US Foreign Policy: Multilateralism vs. Unilateralism
Essay - 3 pages - Political science
In the course of international relations, the United States, as usual, faces a challenge that consists of two choices in strategy dictating methods of dealing with international problems. A feature of multilateralism, not a unilateral one, is international cooperation and participation between...
US Foreign Policy since 2001: President Bush's first term
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
The period since 2001 has been a highly active one for the US: they waged a war in Afghanistan, another in Iraq and they may be preparing another one against Iran. The official rational in Washington, at least initially, for that activity, under the motto of "the war against terror", was the...
Towards a European Confederation? From de Gaulle's Return to Power to the Milan European Summit (1958-1985)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
After the failure of the federal concept and the more prudent approach of the Rome Treaties, for about 30 years, the European Economic Community (EEC) seemed to develop more along the concept of a European Confederation, not a Federation, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers, Robert Schuman or...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - The Countries Other than France and Germany
Course material - 8 pages - Political science
France and Germany alone can no longer call the tune in the EU. They henceforth have to take much more into account the agenda of the other members. We shall see first that agenda, regrouping, of course, the different countries into larger groups along their affinities, and then the possible...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - France and Germany
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
Since the origins of the European project, Europe has depended on close Franco-German cooperation. As we have seen, all the big moves forward were possible because of the basic Franco-German agreement; the last major instance was Maastricht in 1992. The other countries had to follow. Of course,...
The United States and the World: A New World Order?
Course material - 7 pages - Political science
We remember George Bush's optimism in 1990: he had announced "A New World Order", resting on the promotion of liberal democracy and free enterprise everywhere, resting on the UN (at last again effective due to the end of the Cold War) and on American benevolent hegemony. One could have the...
The United States and the World: Bush's Second Term and Current Trends in the US Foreign Policy Establishment
Course material - 9 pages - Political life and election
After Bush's re-election in November 2004, there were some doubts about the kind of policy he would now follow, after the occupation of Iraq had revealed itself as a much more difficult undertaking than what the Administration had contemplated. Many felt at the time the President would vastly...
Understanding the Russia-Georgia (2008) Using Realism and Liberalism
Case study - 4 pages - International relations
War, the sad reality of human history, frequently stems from a complex binding of geopolitical, economic, and ideological factors. The 2008 Russia-Georgia war confirms this fact. Territorial disputes, power struggles, and regional tensions characterize this confrontation. The situation in the war...
The role of NATO in Afghanistan
Essay - 11 pages - International relations
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been in Afghanistan since August 2003 to command the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), which was created on December 20, 2001, by Security Council Resolution 1386 of the United Nations, in...
The United States and the World: The Sources and Tools of American Foreign Policy
Course material - 8 pages - Modern history
There is undoubtedly an American exceptionalism: the US considers itself since the 18th century to be different from Europe. It has seen itself from the beginning as a universal model: the “American way of life” (linking most strongly liberal democracy and free enterprise, two notions...
The United States and the World: Globalization in Historical Perspective
Course material - 8 pages - Modern history
The concept of globalization is not new: in his Communist Manifesto, in 1848, Karl Marx underlined that the bourgeoisie needed constantly expanding markets. Some distinctions are important. Globalization happens, or at least is discussed, in the context of several different fields, in which it...
EU relations in the wake of the 21st century
Essay - 6 pages - Modern history
Eastern and Western Europe were separated in the aftermath of the Second World War by their rapprochement with one of the two great victorious powers, the USSR and the United States. Rebuild = European countries reduced their military budgets and thus find themselves at a disadvantage in the face...
Is NATO still relevant ?
Essay - 7 pages - International relations
General De Gaulle once said that all alliances are like roses: they wither and decay. NATO might be a counter-example or it might not. While during the Munich Conference, the US Deputy Secretary of Defense, Paul Wolfowitz, claimed “As an alliance we have never been stronger. We have...
Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities
Essay - 4 pages - Management
The world today is in a major transition today, as we are continuously evolving. The Information technology is growing at a much higher rate than it was a few decades ago. Its incorporation into the business landscape has facilitated most of the companies going globally. There has been growth and...
The liberal and neo-liberal theories applied to the Kosovo crisis in 1998-1999
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
Kosovo is mostly known as a region in the former Yugoslavia where, in 1998 and 1999, there was growing violence between the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), which sought independence from Serbia, and the Serbian army and police, which were randomly attacking the province of the indigenous Albanian...
The classical realist and structural realist theories applied to the Kosovo crisis in 1998-1999
Essay - 6 pages - Modern history
Kosovo is mostly known as a region in the former Yugoslavia where, in 1998 and 1999, there was growing violence between the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), which sought independence from Serbia, and the Serbian army and police, which were randomly attacking the province of the indigenous Albanian...
The evolution of EU-American relationships: From obedience to independence? - published: 29/09/2010
Essay - 6 pages - International relations
The EU-US relations were the basis upon which global institutions were built at the end of World War II, they permitted the creation of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization. They were responsible for forging the...
Likely evolution of the Security and Economic Dynamics in Central Asia
Case study - 3 pages - Educational studies
Central Asia is a region bordering China to the West, Russia to the north and finally Turkey to the South. Historically, this area has lacked strong political representation and has thus relied on powerful neighbors for all aspects of her development. This paper examines the changing...
Integration of new countries in the European Union
Essay - 5 pages - European union
The story of Europe is still being written. The entrance of new countries, ten in 2004, two others in 2007, and the current question of opening Europe to Turkey, shows that the European Union is continuously evolving. From 1947 to 1989, the liberalist doctrine has been adopted by the Western part...
The end of WWII and the Cold War
Worksheets - 3 pages - Modern history
This document is a course material on the end of WWII and the Cold War.
Discuss the view that globalization is increasingly rendering the state meaningless
Essay - 5 pages - International relations
Most of the theories pertaining to International Relations highlight the centrality of the state on the international scene. The Nation-state has been characterized by the principle of sovereignty since the Westphalia Treaty in 1648. A good definition of sovereignty can be found in the...
The evolution of EU-American relationships: From obedience to independence?
Essay - 6 pages - International relations
The EU-US relations were the basis upon which global institutions were built at the end of World War II, they permitted the creation of the United Nations, of the World Trade Organization, and of the North-Atlantic Treaty Organisation... they forged the framework still used...
