Inflationary goal models and interaction with the consumer - The Brazilian case
Case study - 3 pages - Educational studies
The Central Bank, in order to achieve the inflation target, use the instruments of monetary policy at your disposal. The main one is the aggregate demand control via interest rates. Whenever there are inflationary pressures, interest rate of the economy increases. Consumption is...
The Euro and the Recent Economic Crisis
Thesis - 2 pages - Economy general
In 1960, the European Economic Community (EEC) decided to establish a single currency for all the nations that are a part of it. The Barre Plan embodied the same idea in 1969 and the Werner Plan wanted to establish the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) of Europe in 1970. The idea of a...
Financing of the war (1914 - 1918)
Worksheets - 3 pages - Modern history
The issue of funding does not arise at the beginning of a conflict, during a war,the people live on rations. Belligerents merely suspend the convertibility of their currencies into gold (except England where the pound is convertible), with the idea of restoring them when the war is over. It is...
Application of value-at-risk to forex exposure: Dr Reddy's pharmaceutical company
Thesis - 35 pages - Finance
Risk can be defined as the volatility of unexpected outcomes, generally the value of assets or liabilities of interest. Firms are exposed to various types of risks, which can be broadly classified into business and non-business risks. Business risks are those, which the corporation willingly...
European Union and Federalism
Essay - 4 pages - European union
In 1948, federalists formulated a project of United States of Europe at a Congress in La Haye. But they were defeated by unionists who wanted mere intergovernmental cooperation between European states. Nowadays, this continues to be a recurrent debate: is the European Union (EU) a federal state?...
Interest Rates
Essay - 4 pages - Economy general
It is a well known that interest rates have a commensurable power to influence the economy as a vital tool of monetary policy that is used to control variables like investment, inflation, price stability and unemployment. Generally speaking, the interest rate is described as the...
The emerging triad in the new global economy
Essay - 7 pages - Economy general
Since 1980, the third technological revolution has been booming; a revolution based mainly on new information technologies and brand firmly established as a "new economy". With the help of these technologies, particularly the Internet, the information economy itself is now seen in the global...
The financial crisis: The need for a new system
Dissertation - 54 pages - Economy general
This thesis is about our (the world's) monetary and financial system. It starts by focusing on monetary creation, which is the basis of our financial system. After defining the monetary creation process, it is about its control, which has been transferred from the States to...
Is the euro a success?
Essay - 13 pages - European union
Now accused of all evils (stifling exports, slowing growth, feeding speculation, etc.), the euro seems to have become everybody's favorite scapegoat. Yet it remains that this currency is a unique experience (a single currency managed jointly by several countries), and it is undeniable that the...
The Euro crisis and its impact
Case study - 19 pages - Political science
The Euro crisis is an economic crisis which not only points to the weaknesses of economic integration, but also points at the consequences of poor economic policies at the state level. The aim of this paper is to synthesize literature on the causes, progression and impacts of the Euro crisis on...
Britain and the euro: not for yesterday, not for today, not for ever...?
Essay - 14 pages - Finance
The EMS's Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) has long been a source of political controversy, playing for instance a relevant part in the final drama of Margaret Thatcher's resignation as a serving Prime Minister. Britain entered the ERM in 1990 to exit from it in 1992 and afterward, the new...
The impossible trinity dilemma
Case study - 8 pages - Management
A trade off exists between interest rate policy (monetary independence), exchange rate stability (ES) and financial integration. Change in one is necessarily associated with a corresponding change in a combination of the other two components. Any pair of goals can be achieved by...
Why are foreign exchange rates of G3 (the United States, Japan, Europe) so unstable?
Thesis - 12 pages - Economy general
In 1973, Nixon unilaterally decided to break off all references to gold and to float the dollar to escape the constraints of the international monetary system of Bretton Woods which was becoming increasingly burdensome on the U.S. economy. This ended the system of fixed exchange rates,...
Should we stick to the stability and growth Pact?
Thesis - 4 pages - European union
The Stability and Growth Pact is an essential element of the European Monetary Union and has been often criticized. One of the sharpest and most violent attacks came from the President of the European Commission, which is supposed to be the watchdog of the Treaties and laws, Romano Prodi...
Can one fear a return of inflation in euro area?
Essay - 15 pages - European union
John Paul II cried "Do not be afraid!"Trichet added "Take back your minds!" In both cases, the aim is to build trust and faith in order to avoid fear. The fear of rising prices and declining purchasing power followed. Inflation can be defined as a process of cumulative gains that are...
Is the Subprime crisis a financial or global crisis?
Essay - 25 pages - Finance
Was the subprime crisis predictable? Some analysts predicted it in 2005 as a continuation of a long boom, during which loans to U.S. households rose sharply. Now the U.S. Federal Reserve (FED), led for over 20 years by Alan Greenspan takes a systematic approach to support the banking crisis stock...
Cash reserve ratio
Case study - 34 pages - Finance
This is the amount of money that the banks have to necessarily park with the Reserve Bank of India. The base of this is the total of the deposits that a bank has. The Reserve Bank of India pays the bank interest on the amount parked with it. Among the tools available to the RBI to influence and...
The Stability Pact
Essay - 5 pages - Constitutional law
“The Stability Pact is stupid, like all decisions that are rigid […]” this declaration made by Romano Prodi in an interview for the French newspaper: Le Monde in October 2002 had given a nasty turn to the economical and political European scene. This quotation of the former...
An Analysis of Okun's Law
Thesis - 6 pages - Business strategy
Introduction: This essay is split into three sections. In section 1, Okun's law will be examined, by looking at both of its forms. In section 2, the Okun's law coefficient will be analysed with particular reference to the factors which can affect the coefficient. In section 3, Okun's law will be...
Global consequences of Chinese growth: Impact on the world economy
Thesis - 25 pages - Economy general
Over the past decade, the People's Republic of China has been pursuing an average annual growth of 9%. It has now become the 4th largest world power after the United States, Japan and Germany, but ahead of France and the United Kingdom. However, China currently accounts for only 5% of global...
What is the future for Euro?
Essay - 5 pages - European union
In 2009, the euro was the official currency of 330 million users, located in 16 countries in Europe, and accounted for about 16% of global GDP. The single currency of the Euro zone is now the second most important currency in the world, and enjoys a broad consensus about its effectiveness. The...
Which extension is possible for Europe and and with what consequences?
Thesis - 18 pages - Economy general
"A day will come when all the nations of the continent will merge strictly in a superior unity and will constitute the European brotherhood" it will have been necessary more than a century so that this premonitory speech of Victor Hugo pronounced in 1849, pass from utopia to the reality. The...
Financial globalization
Course material - 3 pages - Finance
The term financial globalization refers to a free movement of finance across national boundaries without facing any restrictions. Financial globalization requires the introduction of a worldwide single currency managed and regulated by a single international monetary authority. The first...
Optimum Currency Areas and the Euro-Zone: An Analysis of how the Euro-Zone can become an Optimum Currency Area
Thesis - 4 pages - Economy general
In the following paper, we make use of one of the chapters of our textbook, which focuses on Optimum Currency Areas in relation to Europe. After perusing the information thus provided, we found related articles that would provide us with significant information that would allow us to compile an...
Is today's globalization different from globalization a hundred years ago?
Essay - 6 pages - Economy general
Michael D. Bordo, Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for Monetary and Financial History at Rutgers University, says, in Globalization in Historical Perspective (2002), says “globalization has become a buzzword of the new millennium”. Indeed the term globalization...
Reflections on Brexit and personal development: navigating challenges and opportunities
Tutorials/exercises - 8 pages - Economy general
Brexit's impact encompasses numerous areas - from trade and investment to immigration and regulation. These areas are interrelated, and changes in one aspect could have knock-on effects on others, contributing to the complexity. For instance, new trade agreements could affect investment...
The worst economic crisis - Late 1970s to early 1980s
Case study - 4 pages - Educational studies
The worst economic crisis that happened in the world history occurred between the late 1970s spreading over the years to early 1980s. The USA was one of the world economies that were greatly hit by the economic downturn. The debts escalated and savings went down in the American economy leading to...
Foreign institutional investors and the stock exchange
Thesis - 28 pages - Economy general
India has struggled financially since independence, experiencing slow economic growth and economic setbacks due to climatic extremes or political disturbances. The country has been gradually transforming its economic base from agrarian to industrial and commercial. Under British rule in the 19th...
Keynesian economics: The transition to the Washington consensus
Thesis - 5 pages - Economy general
Recent political events concerning the international economic downturn have revived the discussion of Keynesian economic theory due to the apparent failure of free market neo-liberalism. On 26 September, 2008, French President Nicolas Sarkozy remarked that “we must rethink the financial...
The Russian stock market crash
Thesis - 7 pages - Finance
In the year 1997, the Soviet Union witnessed a series of achievements. The inflation was controlled, the monetary position was strengthened and the balance of payments was on a surplus. The sudden downfall in the Russian stock market on the 17th of August, 1998 saw the entire Russian...
