European Union Law - Commentary: Article 4 of the EU Treaty (Member States' sovereignty/cooperation duties)
Thesis - 4 pages - European law
The document we are going to comment on is the article 4 of the EU Treaty, as modified by the Lisbon Treaty. It highlights the fact that the EU membership implies a great number of consequences for the member States. According to this article, although some rights belonging to the...
How are competences between the EU and the Member States with the Treaty of Lisbon controlled?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
The European Union (EU), as we know it today, is the result of decade-long integration efforts, and officially came into being with the Schuman Declaration on 9 May 1950. The process of the European construction has been a lengthy one; the primary goal behind a European entity was to prevent the...
The Treaty of Lisbon: the division of competences between the EU and the Member States
Worksheets - 3 pages - European union
Conceived and founded by Robert Schuman, Europe as a community, has continued to evolve and grow over the years, through the formation of various Treaties. Out of the 6 members present originally in 1957, in 1992, the EEC became the European Union with 12 Member States....
Primacy / Supremacy of European Community Law against Sovereignty of the Member States
Essay - 25 pages - European law
Today the European Union (EU) consists of 27 Member States; it reaches from the Atlantic coast of Western Europe all the way to the Black Sea of Eastern Europe. In the European Union, the most important and closest collaboration between the Member States happens via...
Describe the major differences in interests and perspectives of the member states of the European Union on Iraq and the US policy
Essay - 15 pages - International relations
The Iraq conflict uncovers difficulties for the member states of the European Union to find a common position in the context of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. This essay describes the major differences in the interest and perspectives of the member governments on...
Outline and assess the extent to which the WTO agreements have legal effects before EU and member states' courts, creating rights for individuals and the possibility of testing the compatibility of EU secondary legislation with these agreements. - published: 09/05/2009
Thesis - 10 pages - International relations
Because its creation was not a simple extension of the GATT, literature has shown a lively curiosity for the reception of WTO law within the Community legal order. Some concrete facts justify this infatuation. Unlike its predecessor, the WTO is a permanent institution with its own secretariat...
Outline and assess the extent to which the wto agreements have legal effects before eu and member states' courts, creating rights for individuals and the possibility of testing the compatibility of eu secondary legislation with these agreements.
Essay - 12 pages - International law
Because its creation was not a simple extension of the GATT, literature has shown a lively curiosity for the reception of WTO law within the Community legal order. Some concrete facts justify this infatuation. Unlike its predecessor, the WTO is a permanent institution with its own secretariat...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - The Countries Other than France and Germany
Course material - 8 pages - Political science
France and Germany alone can no longer call the tune in the EU. They henceforth have to take much more into account the agenda of the other members. We shall see first that agenda, regrouping, of course, the different countries into larger groups along their affinities, and then the...
Federal and States restrictions on abortion, with a focus on Oklahoma
Essay - 8 pages - Social, moral & civic education
The year 2023 will mark half a century of legal abortion in the United States. However, Roe v Wade, the landmark abortion decision, may not survive as the Supreme Court might soon overturn it and enable states to criminalize abortion. The term "abortion" in this essay will refer...
Financial Market Offenses and Crimes Against the State in the US
Course material - 6 pages - Economic politics
The French AMF is an independent public authority. It is made of two distinct bodies (the board and the enforcement committee), there is no hierarchy, board members cannot be members of the enforcement committee at the same time. The AMF is in charge of overseeing the protection of...
Anatomy of the Russian disinformation campaign: understanding the complexity of a covert network as part of state policy and a military tool against Europe
Tutorials/exercises - 73 pages - Journalism
About two decades ago, it was impossible to imagine that foreign disinformation could actually affect the policy decision making or disturb social cohesion and solidarity in European countries. Back then, media outlets such as television, radio stations and newspapers enjoyed munificent funding...
Towards a Federation of Nation-States? - From the Milan summit to the Nice one (1985-2000)
Course material - 7 pages - Modern history
To try to describe the aim of the European Construction at the beginning of the 90ies, Jacques Delors, president of the European Commission from 1985 to 1995, invented the concept of a Federation of Nation-States. An oxymoron? What does national sovereignty become in such a system? But...
Haiti briefing note and building mission solution : state of the country and developments of solutions
Case study - 7 pages - Political science
In October 2015, elections were deferred indefinitely due to allegations of fraud. The new elections were further postponed due to Hurricane Matthew and finally took place in November 2016, Jovenel Moïse won 56% of the vote. There was a holding of an electoral tribunal to conduct a verification...
Paying for a Green New Deal with Modern Monetary Theory - Dean Baker (2019) ; Mixed Economies Today, Compared to Those of Antiquity - Michael Hudson (2019) ; The Green New Deal, Capitalism and the State - Rob Urie (2019) ; The Great Austerity Shell Game - Richard Wolff (2013) ; The crisis of globalization: interview with Mark Blyth (2019)
Case study - 5 pages - Economy general
Dean Baker offers in this column a critique of the Green New Deal (GND), a set of legislative proposals put forward by progressive (left-wing) members of the Democratic Party in the United States. The GND is an ambitious set of policies designed to revamp the entire American by...
Effect of western powers on the Middle Eastern states Studies
Case study - 2 pages - Educational studies
The prevailing issues concerning health, education and labor within the Middle East are as a direct result of historical influence-and by extension design-of Western nations dating as far back as the Napoleonic wars. The origins osf these states were primarily after World War 1 through two...
The United States and the World - The Reagan Revolution
Course material - 5 pages - Modern history
Ronald Reagan was elected president in November 1980. It was a return to more liberalism, to more individual responsibility, a move towards deregulation of the economy in a more and more globalized world. Reagan was convinced that this return to liberalism was the only way to overcome the...
Socioeconomic status and educational achievement in impoverished communities in the United States
Case study - 4 pages - Sociology & social sciences
The purpose of the study is to assess the socioeconomic status and educational achievement in impoverished communities in the United States. The research will involve a non-experimental, qualitative approach to examining the multifaceted social dynamics underlying the unequal distribution...
Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Religion in United States
Case study - 7 pages - Civil law
Owing to centuries of religious conflicts and oppression, the Founding Fathers wrote the first amendment of what will be the Constitution of the United States of America while highlighting freedom of religion. Indeed, in the 16th century, French Huguenots established a colony at Fort...
Canada and the United States government
Essay - 2 pages - Political science
Canada and the United States have one primary similarity. They are both established as democracies. Additionally, they are both declared as federal states. However, there are numerous differences between the two. The primary difference is in the way the two conduct their government....
Health Insurance and Financing in United States
Case study - 9 pages - Educational studies
The U.S health care spending has been characteristically among the costliest per individual, despite which the service quality lies overall below the anticipated delivery level. Unlike the single-payer healthcare system in the United Kingdom, the U.S operates a blend of market-based and...
Leandro v. State of North Carolina, 488 S.E.2d 249 (1997) - Educational Equity in North Carolina: The Leandro Case and Its Impact on Achieving a Sound Basic Education
Case study - 11 pages - Educational studies
Amid the complex web of North Carolina's educational framework, two persistent issues exist - the challenge of achieving educational equity and the struggle to provide a high-quality academic environment to all students. In a multicultural context where people from different communities and...
Literature review-Cruel and unusual punishments in the United States
Case study - 5 pages - Educational studies
The subject of “cruel and unusual punishments” has been an issue of contention in the American States. The case of Cornealious Anderson brought the topic in the public media after a recent court case that sought to jail him for thirteen years after a decade from the time of...
Human Resources - Comparison Between Two Countries, Japan and United States of America
Case study - 6 pages - Human resources
In this paper, I will be comparing two countries, which are the United States and Japan. I will be discussing all forms of similarities and differences. I chose those two countries because the large geographical distance and strong language barrier between them also plays a role in the...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - France and Germany
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
Since the origins of the European project, Europe has depended on close Franco-German cooperation. As we have seen, all the big moves forward were possible because of the basic Franco-German agreement; the last major instance was Maastricht in 1992. The other countries had to follow. Of course,...
Geography, Demography, Social Issues, Education and Culture in the United States of America
Course material - 20 pages - Sociology & social sciences
(...) One of the characteristics of US climatic conditions is the constant fear of violent climatic happening such as hurricanes (in the Southeast, particularly during the fall), violent wind storms known as "tornadoes" (the Midwest), or flooding due to heavy rainfall and storms in the eastern...
Evolution of Corrections: From Punishment to Rehabilitation in the United States
Essay - 3 pages - Sociology & social sciences
How punishment in the U.S. has been reevaluated as time goes by is incredible. Criminal justice, which began focusing on retribution and death sentences and later changed to reformatory programs that emphasize rehabilitation and community integration, has undergone significant transformation...
The American Civil War and the independence of the Southern States
Course material - 2 pages - Modern history
Although historians now agree that there were many causes for the American Civil War, one of these causes remains the desire of the Confederacy to defend the institution of slavery against what they perceived to be an attack by the Northern states. By electing Lincoln as President, the...
The Syrian Conflict: Effectiveness and Ethics of the Bombing by the United States, Britain, and France
Essay - 2 pages - Linguistics & languages
An alliance led by the US, Britain, and France has been bombarding targets in Syria since 2015. Nevertheless, different events must be distinguished. On the first hand, some bombings took place in order to fight against Daesh. Iraq asked for the help of other countries in order to wipe out...
United States foreign policy
Course material - 5 pages - Modern history
A period of political isolation intervened between the end of WWI and the entrance of the US into WWII. In the 1930s new threats to world peace appeared through Japan's invasion of China; Italy's invasion of Ethiopia; the Spanish Civil War; Germany's occupation of Austria; and...
The United States in the Economy
Course material - 25 pages - International economy
Globalization is a contest content, it can have a negative view; responsible of outsourcing, massive unemployment (Europe), positive view; eliminate discrimination, global general culture, universalism. A complex reality, positive & negative sides. Is a process of interaction and integration...
