Towards a European Confederation? From de Gaulle's Return to Power to the Milan European Summit (1958-1985)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
After the failure of the federal concept and the more prudent approach of the Rome Treaties, for about 30 years, the European Economic Community (EEC) seemed to develop more along the concept of a European Confederation, not a Federation, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers, Robert Schuman or...
Towards a Kind of European Constitution? From the Saint-Malo Franco-British Meeting to the Lisbon Treaty (1998-2007)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
In 1998, Prime Minister Blair had to realize that the fact that GB did not participate in the Euro would actually marginalize her inside the European Union. He decided to recover the initiative, and to take up the subject of European defense, where GB could contribute in an important way, because...
U.S.-India Relations: An Evolving Foreign Policy Landscape
Case study - 5 pages - International relations
The United States and India have developed a complex and dynamic relationship that has significantly evolved over the past century, establishing itself as a central element of U.S. foreign policy in Asia. India's importance to the United States is greatly reflected in the National Security...
Towards a Federation of Nation-States? - From the Milan summit to the Nice one (1985-2000)
Course material - 7 pages - Modern history
To try to describe the aim of the European Construction at the beginning of the 90ies, Jacques Delors, president of the European Commission from 1985 to 1995, invented the concept of a Federation of Nation-States. An oxymoron? What does national sovereignty become in such a system? But still it...
Definition of Intergovernmental Administration in the United States and the Practice of Intergovernmental Administration
Essay - 5 pages - Political science
The dynamics of governance in the United States are mainly attributed to the federalism system, which the Constitution established, and hence power is divided between the federal government and the states, with each having different authority. As seen under this framework, intergovernmental...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - France and Germany
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
Since the origins of the European project, Europe has depended on close Franco-German cooperation. As we have seen, all the big moves forward were possible because of the basic Franco-German agreement; the last major instance was Maastricht in 1992. The other countries had to follow. Of...
The European Union and its International Role - Towards a European Federation? (From the European Conference in The Hague to the Rome Treaties, 1948-1957)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
Already during the war, many Resistance groups asked themselves how to stop the cycle of recurring European wars. After 1945, many groups and associations suggested going back to the European ideas of the 20s, which included the concept of a European Union (Briand Plan of 1930). They stressed...
Towards a European Defense?
Course material - 7 pages - International relations
The problem of a European defense system is not new: we remember the Brussels Treaty of 1948, which was a military alliance between GB, France and the Benelux countries, including a common European general staff which was stationed in Fontainebleau, until it was taken over by NATO in 1951, but...
Can states achieve cooperation in the international system?
Essay - 5 pages - International relations
“International cooperation is a subject of manifesting importance for anyone concerned about the prospects for world peace and order” because today cooperation is everywhere: in economics with the WTO, in politics with the UN and even in security issues with the NATO....
Role and Impact of UNHCR in Afghanistan-Pakistan
Case study - 13 pages - Educational studies
The primary input of international organizations (IOs) in global governance exists in the belief that they are effective centers operating on a common agenda to promote democratic governance and foster cooperation amongst member states in developing common solutions. (IOs) roles manifest...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - The Countries Other than France and Germany
Course material - 8 pages - Political science
France and Germany alone can no longer call the tune in the EU. They henceforth have to take much more into account the agenda of the other members. We shall see first that agenda, regrouping, of course, the different countries into larger groups along their affinities, and then the possible...
Power equations in South East Asia
Thesis - 5 pages - International relations
This article deals with the major power equations that have a strong bearing on Southeast Asia's international relations. Although the interactions between the major powers have a significant impact on the region, it must not be assumed that the region is merely a passive onlooker. The South East...
The ban on the use of force in International Law
Worksheets - 2 pages - International law
TThe principle that prohibits the use of force is a major element in the international system that is based mainly on cooperation between States and collective security. This principle has always been of a relative nature, in fact, the contemporary public international law has noted more...
Globalisation and peace in the twenty-first century: a structuralist approach
Thesis - 15 pages - Philosophy
In his Glance at today's world (1931), French poet Paul Valéry wrote "Le temps du monde fini commence" (1). By "monde fini", he meant that the world now had well-established geographical limits, implying there was no more Terra incognita or utopia where to transpose our dreams, either in...
International expansion of the Essilor Group
Case study - 2 pages - Business strategy
Essilor has a portfolio of strong brands. Varilux deals with progressive lenses that currently dominate the world market. The glasses represent about 95% of the activity of Essilor and the rest can be classified in other categories, including optical instruments and various other products that...
Holmes Rolston versus Robin Attfield ideas
Case study - 2 pages - Literature
One UN Declaration of Universal Human Rights (1948) state: "All States and all people shall cooperate in the essential task of eradicating poverty as an indispensable requirement." Holmes argues that it is sometimes good to let people die in order to serve the nature. He argues that food should...
Case study: Airline industry
Market study - 9 pages - Services marketing
After deregulation, many carriers came into the airline industry to compete against the main airline companies. Why and in what way could these entries be successful? Government Regulation was the main barrier to entry in the airline industry. To regulate prices and stability of this industry,...
Case Study of "Saving Creation Faith and Nature in the Life of Home Rolston" by Robin Attfield
Case study - 2 pages - Educational studies
One UN Declaration of Universal Human Rights (1948) state: "All States and all people shall cooperate in the essential task of eradicating poverty as an indispensable requirement." Holmes argues that it is sometimes good to let people die in order to serve the nature. He argues that food should...
Critically assess the extent to which liberal intergovernmentalism provide a more fitting explanation of European integration than neofunctionalism
Essay - 9 pages - European union
Drawing an analogy with the diversity of the process of European integration, Robert Schuman expressed that, ‘‘when the cooperation is still at its embryonic stage, the theorization of that unique phenomenon involves a plurality of approaches developed over time and bringing...
Political governance and corporate governance
Essay - 15 pages - Management
The 20th century was viewed as the age of management; the early 21st century is predicted to be more focused on governance. There is a distinction between politics and governance, where the former is regarded as cooperation between people with different points of view in order to improve...
Money laundering in the financial community: one of the dark sides of globalization
Essay - 9 pages - Finance
Economically, globalization may appear beneficial in that it enhances trade between men and generates growth. Many of its adverse effects are, however, the game of criminal organizations. Indeed, with the rise of movements of people, goods and capital, globalization tends to increase the capacity...
Age verification systems and closed user groups in Germany
Case study - 20 pages - Management
Media accessibility via internet is rapidly increasing within the last decade. Reaching every kind of data,including media content have become easier due to the widespread internet access and fastly improving technologies, especially mobile devices. Likewise providers have found an opportunity to...
Understanding the Russia-Georgia (2008) Using Realism and Liberalism
Case study - 4 pages - International relations
War, the sad reality of human history, frequently stems from a complex binding of geopolitical, economic, and ideological factors. The 2008 Russia-Georgia war confirms this fact. Territorial disputes, power struggles, and regional tensions characterize this confrontation. The situation in the war...
Transition Macedonia
Essay - 20 pages - Modern history
Throughout the centuries, the South-eastern corner of Europe has been the scene of many invasions and transcending civilizations. This left the trace of different cultures, religions and empires. One of the most evident cleavages in the region is religious cleavage between the Catholic Church,...
International Organisation: The UN system
Thesis - 8 pages - International relations
Is global governance a chimera in a world of states, or is there as Keohane suggests, limited global governance in a partially globalized world, or is global governance an effective form of western hegemony? Is global governance a chimera in a world of states, or is there as Keohane suggests,...
The prospects and limitations of a global governance of finance
Essay - 4 pages - Finance
In our modern societies, market mechanisms shape the modes of production and distribution of goods and services, particularly more and more through the financial sphere, “that part of an economy that links savings with investments through different instruments denominated in monetary...
The Blizzard of 1978: "The Storm of the Century"
Thesis - 15 pages - Modern history
The Blizzard of 1978 was the result of the untimely collision of multiple weather systems; the new moon; the perfect alignment of the sun, the moon and the earth; and the occurrence of the storm during weekday commuter hours. These components caused this storm to reach “awesome”...
The international intervention in Somalia 1992-1995
Essay - 31 pages - International relations
Somalia is traditionally a pastoral and nomadic society. Throughout the precolonial era, herders of camels, cattle and sheep lived in a world of “egalitarian anarchy” where the main preoccupation of the clan families was the well-being of the herd. The clan structure functioned...
Water: The real perpetrator of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict?
Case study - 17 pages - International relations
The vast majority of literature around the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been expressly focused on negotiating a peace treaty that satisfies the nationalistic urges of both parties in the conflict. Many prominent authors have simply designated the “right to exist” as an independent...
Global Trade, Monetary Tradeoffs
Essay - 3 pages - Economy general
It is certain that the last half-century of economic history has seen a dramatic increase in global market integration. States in this integrated setting must make difficult financial decisions with a great deal of insecurity. In managing their national currency, they face uncertainty and a...
