The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - France and Germany
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
Since the origins of the European project, Europe has depended on close Franco-German cooperation. As we have seen, all the big moves forward were possible because of the basic Franco-German agreement; the last major instance was Maastricht in 1992. The other countries had to follow. Of...
Towards a European Confederation? From de Gaulle's Return to Power to the Milan European Summit (1958-1985)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
After the failure of the federal concept and the more prudent approach of the Rome Treaties, for about 30 years, the European Economic Community (EEC) seemed to develop more along the concept of a European Confederation, not a Federation, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers,...
The Limits of the European Model : the Failure of the Federal Dream
Course material - 3 pages - European union
The notion of "solidarité des faits" has always been the core of the EU, and the idea was that an integrated EU would grow step by step, and that it would unite people. However, there was a debate about the final goal of the EU: it should go above the way to what is a federation, but should never...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - The Countries Other than France and Germany
Course material - 8 pages - Political science
France and Germany alone can no longer call the tune in the EU. They henceforth have to take much more into account the agenda of the other members. We shall see first that agenda, regrouping, of course, the different countries into larger groups along their affinities, and then the possible...
European urban policies - A summary note on the urban agenda for the EU
Summary - 15 pages - Social, moral & civic education
Today more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas. This figure is projected to increase to 80% by 2050 (United Nations, 2019). Even though Cities are home to many complex, interlinked challenges (related to climate control, energy efficiency, pollution, and many more) they...
The Institutional Structure: The European Balance of Powers
Course material - 7 pages - European law
The European community created particular institutions, which were quite different from the usual skims of the separation of powers. In the traditional system of separation of powers, more or less separation is between executive, legislative and judicial power.
Why do European courts refuse to enforce U.S. punitive damages?
Essay - 6 pages - International law
In terms of civil liability in Continental Europe, the principle is to compensate only for the damage. Civil liability is not punitive. The purpose is only to put the victim back in the situation she knew before the operative event. If the behavior deserves a sanction, it is a matter of criminal...
European Sovereign Debt Crisis and its impact on financial markets and institutions
Essay - 5 pages - Finance
The European Sovereign Debt Crisis of was basically the failure of the Euro which was the monetary symbol that tied together 17 Countries across Europe (Arezki et. al, 2011). This therefore means that the start of all these is retraced back to the second world war in 1945. At this time...
The fall of the Soviet Union
Essay - 2 pages - Modern history
As a result of the Soviet fall in the year 1991, there were many changes in Europe. After the collapse of the Soviet Union there were recently created Eastern Europe countries which found themselves brought into the new era. (Keohane, Robert 2010) Many people relied on the system of...
American and European Experiences
Case study - 3 pages - Educational studies
A tendency to generate unemployment may be inevitable consequence of a market system, but it is not an inevitable evil. You can administer a capitalist system with high levels of employment - paying most likely the price of considerable degree of inflation. A critic might question the low...
The European neighborhood policy
Thesis - 5 pages - European union
In this essay I will deal with the European Neighborhood Policy, through a general overview of what this policy consists in. The most useful source that was used to elaborate on this subject is the website of the European Commission, which is one of the major players in the...
The European employment strategy - published: 11/05/2009
Thesis - 21 pages - European union
The European Union is the most accomplished multinational organization in the world. Since it's beginning in 1950, with the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Union has been integrating more and more, becoming a unique. The European...
The Swedish model and the European integration
Thesis - 8 pages - Political science
Sweden officially joined the European Union on January 1st, 1995. Since that time Sweden is part of the European Union, but it is said to be one of the most Euro-sceptical members of the Union. What are the causes for this strong Swedish Euro-scepticism? It is...
The European North: Historical Geopolitics and International Institutional Dynamics
Thesis - 8 pages - International relations
A “brave political experiment” calling for “unconventional decisions” promoting sub-regional cooperation that ultimately might develop into “a common European social and economic space” : this is how the Russian Deputy Prime Minister, Viktor Khristenko,...
The future of multilingualism in European institutions
Essay - 7 pages - European union
The progressive enlargement of the European Union brings about many questions, among which linguistic diversity deserves to be explored. In light of the changes brought about by globalization and the resulting emergence of a so-called “global” language, the relevance of...
Does the EU need a European Identity? Why? Why not? Use concrete examples to support your line of argument
Essay - 5 pages - European union
In a European Union under construction, speaking about European Identity is essential. If it exists, it should be the expression of a dynamic link between Europeans. This identity is or would therefore be the creator of art and culture, a common political ethic,...
The role of the ECJ's (European Court of Justice) : the consumer who is reasonably well-informed and reasonably observant and circumspect
Essay - 14 pages - European law
The legal term of the “average consumer” was created by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) to protect the average consumer against unfair commercial practises. After the Second War World, many states were indeed inspired by Keynes's theory that aimed at division of resources...
Is there a common European culture in diplomacy?
Essay - 5 pages - European union
At the moment, the question of culture is fundamental in the construction of Europe. The European Union is in fact searching for its identity which would be the basis to develop the political integration. Diplomacy has always played an important role in Europe: to represent and...
Primacy / Supremacy of European Community Law against Sovereignty of the Member States
Essay - 25 pages - European law
Today the European Union (EU) consists of 27 Member States; it reaches from the Atlantic coast of Western Europe all the way to the Black Sea of Eastern Europe. In the European Union, the most important and closest collaboration between the Member States happens via...
Operation "Althea" in Bosnia and Herzegovine: the European security and Defence policy (ESDP) coming of age?
Essay - 14 pages - International relations
The European Union (EU) is a newcomer in the business of peace support operations. Of course, its members have long been involved in almost any sort of non-Article 5 (NATO/WEU) mission in the past, and they still are today. But they have usually done so under other flags than the EU...
The European citizenship
Essay - 3 pages - European union
According to the European Commission, “citizenship of the Union is both a source of legitimation of the process of European integration, by reinforcing the participation of citizens, and a fundamental factor in the creation among citizens of a sense of belonging to the...
A Nordic identity in the European security structure?
Essay - 10 pages - European union
The 3rd and 4th December 1998, the President of French Republic Jacques Chirac and the British Prime Minister Tony Blair met in Saint Malo. Both maintained the necessity to give Europe the ability of autonomous action concerning security and defence. This statement comes within the framework of...
Can the European parliament ever break out of the cycle of failing public interests and legitimacy?
Thesis - 5 pages - European union
In one of his speeches, Pat Cox, the President of the European Parliament said ‘Turnout across Europe [in 1999] was higher than in the last US Presidential Elections, and I do not hear people questioning the legitimacy of the presidency of the United States.'. Since 1979, indeed, the...
European harmonization in the Contract Law Area
Essay - 6 pages - European union
The last decade witnessed the European Union taking tentative steps towards the likely abolition of each member state contract law, and its substitution with a single European Contract Law Code. Indeed, the European Union usually solves inconsistencies in...
European integration process and its influence for business: Case of Danone
Thesis - 18 pages - Business strategy
Within the last decades, globalization has changed the face of the world with a shift from ‘nationalism and protectionism' to the idea of a ‘global village'. A new world economic order emerged and the regional and multinational trade agreements and free trade areas played a key role in...
How tobacco industries can adapt marketing strategies despite such restrictive European legislation?
Case study - 11 pages - Business strategy
The prime focus of this paper is the tobacco industry, which incidentally has been facing problems owing to the numerous regulations imposed, especially in the European Union. The question in consideration here is how the tobacco industry can adapt its marketing strategies despite...
The European Commission
Thesis - 6 pages - European union
If Jacques Delors, one of the most famous President of the European Commission (between 1985 and 1995), called the European Union as a UPO or Unidentified Political Object, it can be explained by the special characteristics of its architecture. The European Commission...
Competition between European football clubs - published: 29/09/2010
Case study - 25 pages - Business strategy
In Europe, the economical competition is as relentless as the sport competition between professional football clubs and this fight is clearly unequal between the big and small clubs. How can we explain the competitive differences between the best French football club and the best clubs of the...
Was the Macmillan government's decision to apply for membership of the European Communities the product of Britain's declining global status?
Essay - 6 pages - Political science
The fear that Britain would become, as Labour's post-war Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin put it “just another European country” , was one of the main reasons to explain the British refusal to join a European supranational organisation. The Attlee government was indeed in...
The democratic deficit of the EU and the European political integration from a French perspective
Thesis - 14 pages - European union
The European construction has always evolved through crisis and this is probably due to its ambitious project and nature. However, it worked successfully until today because it has been occurring through a “step by step process”, to quote the Schuman Declaration. This...
