Deliberative democracy is theoretically plausible and institutionally impracticable
Essay - 5 pages - Political science
What we mean today when referring to 'democracy' is, according to some scholars, 'a way of organising the state that has come to be narrowly identified with territorially based competitive elections of political leadership for legislative and executive offices' . The...
The party of European socialists and the identity of European social democracy
Essay - 9 pages - Political science
The question wether there is currently something that can be called the crisis of social-democracy is arguable: after all, social-democractic and socialist parties are still the counterpart of Conservatives and Christian-democrats, sharing alternaltively government responsibilities at...
"Adenauer's pursuit of Western integration consolidated democracy in the West at the cost of the East." Comment
Essay - 7 pages - Political science
According to the newspaper die Frankfurte Allgemeine Zeitung, the number of the unemployed people in Germany has decreased by 25.000 in November, reaching the stage of 4.531.000 jobless persons. The Federal Minister of the Economy, Michael Glos (CSU) spoke in the Bundestag „vom ersten...
What is representative democracy? Is it aim to restrict or to promote popular rule?
Thesis - 4 pages - Political science
One may accept, as Dahl did, that representative democracy is a means to democratize a government. Yet, representative democracy is far from being a true democracy, both restricting and promoting popular rule. The concept of representative democracy derived from the...
The risks of democracies
Essay - 3 pages - International law
In order to determine whether there is a violation of due process, it is necessary to ask several cumulative and conditional questions. If so, is a fundamental right involved? And finally, depending on the answer to this question, it is necessary to apply the standards of the review to provide an...
How do the Federal Republic of Germany, Fifth Republic France and post-war Italy fulfil the criteria of Lijphart's 'majoritarian' and 'consensus' models of democracies?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
This essay will attempt to analyse the Federal Republic of Germany, Fifth Republic France and post-war Italy thanks to Lijphart's work Democracy (1984). Lijphart classifies the ‘majoritarian' model (or ‘Westminster model') and the ‘consensual model', in function of specific...
To what extent does multiculturalism in developed liberal democracies adequately address the issue of religious diversity?
Essay - 9 pages - Social, moral & civic education
In recent years diversity in developed liberal democracies has deeply increased. Indeed, in European countries, as in America or in Australia many migrants came to work. Whereas the first migration movements happened within Western countries (e.g. many Italians and Poles came to France to work in...
The role of the state in contemporary liberal democracies
Thesis - 8 pages - Sociology & social sciences
The role of the state within contemporary liberal democracies is an issue that perhaps more than any other has attracted the attentions of the social and political sciences. The concept itself is not accorded universal acceptance and there are a plethora of theoretical and ideological...
Populism: a new challenge for the European democracies?
Dissertation - 19 pages - Political science
While Europe seemed affected by a sudden rise of populist leaders (Berlusconi in Italy, UKIP in Britain, Switzerland with Brocher, France with Le Pen and De Villiers), they were alarmed by this development. Should it be considered as an epiphenomenon of populism? The question is central to the...
Voting, determinism and free will: How do voters choose?
Essay - 4 pages - Political science
In a democracy, elections are, for voters, the means to express their own ideology. Therefore, to understand the reason behind the voter's choice, we will first focus on the social forces that shape one's ideology. One's ideology is defined by Ian Budge. It is a relatively...
Representation and governance in international organizations - Rapkin, Strand and Trevathan (2016) - Can international organizations be representative and democratic?
Text commentary - 7 pages - Political science
Due to all the problems associated with globalization, economic or financial crisis, and climates, the importance of international organizations such as the United Nations, or the IMF, has never been greater. As its name suggests, an international organization is made up of a collection of States...
Political Inaction
Essay - 1 pages - Political science
Democracy allows people to make choices. We can see it for instance nowadays with the choice of being vaccinated against coronavirus. In France, there is the possibility for a group of citizens supported by senators to make a referendum. Hugo Clement, a journalist, decided to use this...
Lincoln's Reasoning
Essay - 2 pages - Political science
Abraham Lincoln's presidency was a defining crucible in the evolution of the American nation's conception of democracy, as the burning issue of slavery precipitated an existential crisis that challenged the very foundations on which the republic was built. And so the debate on the...
In your opinion, should there be limits to freedom of the press?
Essay - 1 pages - Philosophy
One of the pillars of democracies, freedom of the press is a fundamental right guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US Constitution. It ensures people are properly informed, as when the Washington Post revealed the Watergate scandal which led to the resignation of President Nixon in 1974. Yet...
The United States and the World: A New World Order?
Course material - 7 pages - Political science
We remember George Bush's optimism in 1990: he had announced "A New World Order", resting on the promotion of liberal democracy and free enterprise everywhere, resting on the UN (at last again effective due to the end of the Cold War) and on American benevolent hegemony. One could have...
The Republic of Germany and the German political system after World War II
Course material - 5 pages - Political science
Our conception of the Federal Republic of Germany is very different from what it was only 15 years ago. Throughout much of its history, Germany was under the leadership of dictators and was never very comfortable with democracy. Germany's first experience with democracy occurred...
The United States and the World: The Sources and Tools of American Foreign Policy
Course material - 8 pages - Modern history
There is undoubtedly an American exceptionalism: the US considers itself since the 18th century to be different from Europe. It has seen itself from the beginning as a universal model: the “American way of life” (linking most strongly liberal democracy and free enterprise, two...
India: Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala
Essay - 5 pages - Constitutional law
Perhaps the most recognized constitutional decision within the Supreme Court of India reflects on the case of Kesavananda Bharati against the State of Kerala. While the Supreme Court ruled that there was no implied limitation on Parliament's powers on amendments to the Constitution, the...
Parties and party systems in contemporary democracies
Essay - 5 pages - Political science
Laver and Schofield wonder what makes length of a government's life through the examples of Italy and Germany, but also of other countries. Firstly, is the number of parties of the political system related to cabinet stability? This is right in Italy, Belgium and Finland. They have a higher...
Does Being « Politically » Represented Necessarily Means Being Represented by Actors Who Directly Have a Position in the Institutional Realm?
Case study - 5 pages - Political science
In a society in which our interests may be represented by a variety of actors (NGO, patries, citizens, social media influencers, politicians...), the necessity of elections depends on the power of these actors to effectively defend our interests. In other words, if we define representation...
History, Culture and Society: Spain From the Ancient Age to 2023
Course material - 31 pages - Culture, religion & civilization
The document covers, in the form of revision sheets, key events in History from the Ancient Age to the year 2023. Excerpt: "Under the reign of Philip II (1556-1598), Spain was the first world power. When the king of Portugal died without descendants, Philip defeated the other candidates and was...
Short Summary of Constitutional Law
Worksheets - 4 pages - Constitutional law
Definition of Constitutional Law: Set of norms contained in the Constitution that define the legal identity, territorial and administrative organization of the State, the rights and duties of citizens, and the relationships between citizens and power holders. (...)
Future Opportunities, Threats, Challenges and Goals of the European Union
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The European Union is the largest and most successful political and economic union in the world, making it a key player. Research on the European Union focuses mainly on its construction, its functioning, the challenges and threats it faces. Our research aims to examine the responsibilities and...
The UK's unwritten constitution is put to the test by Johnson's unprincipled acts, The observer - Catherine Haddon (10 july 2022) - Analysis of British politics and its impact
Text commentary - 3 pages - Political science
The English constitution is not a single, codified document, but a collection of texts and unwritten principles. The government of Prime Minister Boris Johnson, in office between 2019 and 2022, would have undermined some of these rules, particularly regarding transitional governments, and thought...
The United States and the World: Bush's Second Term and Current Trends in the US Foreign Policy Establishment
Course material - 9 pages - Political life and election
After Bush's re-election in November 2004, there were some doubts about the kind of policy he would now follow, after the occupation of Iraq had revealed itself as a much more difficult undertaking than what the Administration had contemplated. Many felt at the time the President would vastly...
Contemporary Spanish history
Course material - 19 pages - Modern history
Valencia Decree (May 1814): Abolished the Cadiz Constitution, reinstated absolutism, and nullified prior reforms. It's the return of the Inquisition, the restoration of feudal systems, and harsh measures against liberals and afrancesados, leading to imprisonment, exile, and executions....
Is the House of the Lord undemocratic?
Essay - 2 pages - Constitutional law
British Labor proposes to abolish the House of Lords and replace it with an Assembly of Regions. The party's program was presented with a view to the legislative elections which must take place no later than January 2025. It would aim to replace the House of Lords, in which an Assembly of...
Canada and the United States government
Essay - 2 pages - Political science
Canada and the United States have one primary similarity. They are both established as democracies. Additionally, they are both declared as federal states. However, there are numerous differences between the two. The primary difference is in the way the two conduct their government. Canada and...
The United States and the end of the Cold War (1989-1990)
Course material - 4 pages - Modern history
President George H. Bush was elected in November 1988. He had to steer the end of the Cold War, 1989-1990. His team was different from Reagan's, although he had been his vice-president: there were no neo-conservatives; the new Administration was more adept of Kissinger's prudent line....
U.S.-India Relations: An Evolving Foreign Policy Landscape
Case study - 5 pages - International relations
The United States and India have developed a complex and dynamic relationship that has significantly evolved over the past century, establishing itself as a central element of U.S. foreign policy in Asia. India's importance to the United States is greatly reflected in the National Security...
