A study of the power press

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A study of the power press

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Abstract

Press is a tool used to work on sheet metal to convert its shape to the required item. Power presses are used for producing large quantities of components quickly, accurately and economically from the cold working of mild steel and other ductile materials. The components produced range over an extremely wide field and are used throughout different industries. Sometimes the pressing may be complicated and more than one pressing operations may be required.
The raw material used for pressing is generally steel. In power press first the sheet metal is sheared and it is made into appropriate sizes. Then the metal is made to be blank and the appropriate die is used to make the components. According to the type of component further operations are followed. In most of the power press components made curling, drawing, bending operations are carried out and then finally extrusion is carried out.
We have carried out the mini project on the study of press and die used in the press. we have also carried out study on the manufacturing aspects of components produced from the press using the dies for getting different shapes of items.

Abstract.
Introduction.
The power press.
Components of the press.
1. Major components.
Methods of classifying the press.
1. According to the force of power.
2. According to the number of rams and slides.
3. According to the mechanism of the power press.
4. According to the position of ram.
5. According to its use.
6. According to design of frame.
7. According to the capacity.
Selection of the press.
Design of die elements.
1. Die block design.
2. Punch design.
3. Methods of punch support.
4. Stock stops.
5. Pilots.
6. Stripper.
Components of die assembly.
1. Punch.
2. Punch retailer or punch pad.
3. Punch holder.
4. Pressure plate.
5. Die.
6. Die retainer.
7. Stripper.
8. Guide posts and bearings.
Design of cutting dies.
Scrap strip layout.
Clearance between die and punch.
Press operations.
Process followed.
Tools required.
Advantages.
Disadvantages.
Results and conclusions.
Bibliography.

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[...] A typical use of this press may be combination embossing, blanking and drawing where the lower ram actuates the embossing die According to the mechanism of power press:(method of transmitting power for actuation of ram) In mechanical presses, the power is derived from a motor driving flywheel or gear and is delivered to the ram in following ways: (a)Crank shaft and connecting rod mechanism (b)Cam (c)eccentric (d)toggle joint (e)knuckle joint (f)Rack and pinion or screw arrangement (g)Gears Crank and eccentric mechanisms are used for both single and multiple action presses and also for light as well as heavy duty work. [...]

[...] For mild steel, a clearance of 10% is usually suitable Press operations: Press tools may be designed for carrying out the following or more operations: 1 Piercing (removal of a local piece of the material to form a hole of some shape) Cutting and shearing Blanking (production of the contour in flat blank), clipping, shearing, etc Bending (material is bent in one plane) Curling Drawing (production of a deep cup component) Deep drawing, shallow drawing, redrawing Extrusion PROCESS FOLLOWED: Power press results in increase of number of components produced every hour. [...]

[...] Punch Holder: On its top, it ends in a shank which is anchored to the press ram and it exactly fits in to the ram opening for proper positioning and aligning of the punch. Pressure Plate: It is introduced between the back of the punch and the punch holder in order to distribute the pressure over a wide area and thus reduces the intensity of pressure on the punch holder and ultimately avoids any possibility of its getting crushed under heavy loads. [...]

[...] Knock-out: It is the means of ejecting on the cut blank which might, otherwise, be retained, in the die block by friction. A knock-out assembly consists of a plate, a push rod and a retaining collar. This arrangement of ejecting the parts gives positive action, is quite cheap and pressure requirements are low Components of Die Assembly: Depending upon the design of the die assembly the press could be used for a variety of operations and jobs. Specific tooling is necessary to adopt the press for a particular operation. [...]

[...] Each station performs one or more operations until a finished part is made per the requirements on the print Power press: Power presses are used for producing large quantities of articles quickly, accurately and economically from the cold working of mild steel and other ductile materials. The components produced range over an extremely wide field and are used throughout industry. Sometimes the pressing may be complicated and more than one pressing operations may be required. Now-a-days practice is to produce most of the sheet parts of any shape by using specially designed press tools and other combination of operations. [...]

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