Three phase fluidization
Thesis - 5 pages - Physics
Gas-Liquid-Solid fluidized beds have emerged in recent years as one of the most promising devices for three phase operation. This operation generates considerable, intimate contact among the gas, liquid and solid particles in these systems. It provides substantial advantages for applications in...
Micro reactors and process intensification
Thesis - 5 pages - Physics
In recent decades there has been a significant increase in the energy efficiency of the process industry by optimization of unit operations. In many cases the limits of what can be done on a unit-operation scale have been reached. To develop chemical production routes and products that consumes...
Biodiesel: A cleaner source of energy
Thesis - 7 pages - Physics
A majority of the countries in the world are importers of petroleum and its products. The fossil fuels are being consumed at a rate, which is a million times faster than their rate of formation. The prices of petroleum products are mounting at an alarming pace due to the unmatched contribution to...
Pneumatic valves
Thesis - 6 pages - Physics
Today the performance requirements of process plants are becoming increasingly difficult to satisfy. In fact, without process control it is difficult to operate most modern processes safely and profitably. To understand the process dynamics and its behavior Apex has developed compact setups....
Bio-diesel: An Eco-friendly alternative
Thesis - 20 pages - Physics
Today, an attempt is made to find alternative, nonrenewable energy sources to replace conventional fossil fuels. Currently national energy demands are exponentially increasing as we are progressing into digital age and the population is increasing. One such method that is currently being refined...
Compact heat exchangers
Tutorials/exercises - 5 pages - Physics
A heat exchanger that has a large surface area per unit volume is called a compact heat exchanger. The ratio of the heat transfer surface area to that of a heat exchanger to its volume is called area density ‘?'. A heat exchanger with ?>700m2/m3 is classified as being compact. Compact heat...
Evaporative pertraction
Thesis - 8 pages - Physics
Evaporative Pertraction is membrane processes that has fascinating advantages over conventional process for the separation of volatile solutes from aqueous solutions. This novel athermal Membrane separation process retains flavors and fragrances better than thermal techniques. It promises to play...
Common effluent treatment methods
Thesis - 7 pages - Physics
Pollution may be defined as any condition in which certain substances are present in such concentrations that they can produce undesirable effects or changes in physical, chemical, biological, radiological properties of air, water, soil. Such substances are called pollutants. The primary air...
Taking a closer look at coal
Thesis - 10 pages - Physics
The word "coal" came from Anglo-Saxon col, which meant charcoal. Coal was not mined in Britain before the late Middle Ages; i.e. after ca. 1000 AD. Mineral coal was referred to as sea-coal, either because it was found on beaches occasionally having fallen from the exposed coal seams above or...
Methods for removal of H2S from effluent gas
Thesis - 6 pages - Physics
The environment performs three basic functions in relation to man. First, it provides living space and other amenities that make life qualitatively rich for man. Second, the environment is a source of agricultural, mineral, water and other resources that are consumed directly. Third, the...
Crystal growth and its characterization
Tutorials/exercises - 26 pages - Physics
Recent developments in semiconductor research technology over that last decade have lead to a renew interest in the growth of single crystals with better physical perfection and high crystal growth is newly emerging field in this study of material science which involves control phase change the...
Ion selective electrode potentiometry
Tutorials/exercises - 11 pages - Physics
The use of ISEP offers great selectivity in the determination of trace elements. With the utilization of a fluoride ion selective electrode, the concentration within the unknown sample were determined to be approximately 0.0423 +/- 3.5x10-4 mol/L. (Standard deviation = 4.58 x 10-4) In comparison...
Study on impeller manufacturing for centrifugal fans
Thesis - 27 pages - Physics
The Tail Rotor Spindle is the one of the main component in the Helicopters. The helicopters are used for transportation, for construction, for firefighting, search and rescue, and a variety of other jobs that requires its special capabilities. Helicopters are the most versatile flying machines...
A study of the power press
Thesis - 17 pages - Physics
Press is a tool used to work on sheet metal to convert its shape to the required item. Power presses are used for producing large quantities of components quickly, accurately and economically from the cold working of mild steel and other ductile materials. The components produced range over an...
Study of DC drives
Tutorials/exercises - 50 pages - Physics
In general practice in industrial applications machine tools make use of motors for their feed applications where in, speed of this motors are controlled in conventional methods i.e., Ward-Leonard system, multiple voltage control, rheostatic control method etc. However, these methods are...
Gamma ray spectroscopy using a scintillator detector
Essay - 6 pages - Physics
The aim of the experiment is to learn about the basic techniques of gamma ray energy spectroscopy and the interpretation of a spectrum, using a NaI(TI) detector. We obtained the spectra of two gamma sources using a spectrometer and the Maestro program. We also computed the energy resolution of...
Fuel cells
Essay - 7 pages - Physics
What are the limiting factors in the introduction of PEM fuel cells into mobile power generation? What areas of research are being carried out to address these limitations and which of these do you feel will have the biggest impact in enabling the various types of fuel cells systems? Proton...
The basic principle of a rocket
Essay - 3 pages - Physics
At first sight, a rocket seems to be about fire, noise and smoke. The basic principle of rocket is the famous Newtonian principle which says that "To every action, there is an equal and opposite action". A rocket throws mass in one direction and benefit of an equal reaction in the opposite...
Computer simulation study of ionic and non ionic hydration
Tutorials/exercises - 6 pages - Physics
Liquids, solution, and liquid crystals present local, but not long-range order. On one hand particles in liquids interacts much strongly than the particles in gas, and this prevents the use of the usual statistical mechanics methods to predict their structure and properties since the needed...
Applications of NMR imaging in processing of foods
Essay - 7 pages - Physics
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), originally developed for medical applications, has recently been exploited for observation and characterization of foodstuffs and their manufacture. MRI and its related techniques have already proven useful in non-invasive observations of fruit and vegetable...
NASA
Essay - 4 pages - Physics
NASA began full operation on October 1, 1958, after the National Advisor Committee on Aeronautics was abolished. Getting a little head start, NASA inherited the committee's facilities, laboratories, and personnel and immediately set to work planning its future. According to a Twenty-Fifth...
NASA: Past, present and future
Essay - 11 pages - Physics
As with any industry, there have been many high and low points to the space programs. Many of the low points came as loss of both life and much money. These also came mostly in the beginning of the space programs when we were still unsure of many of the variables that space presents. Many good...
Problems associated with unsupervised classification of high resolution imagery ( pictures included )
Essay - 6 pages - Physics
Early satellite systems with multispectral resolutions on the order of 20m (SPOT 1 - 4) or 30m (Landsat 4 - 7) have been able to obtain imagery of sufficient resolution to effectively classify areas with large contiguous areas of information classes, i.e. scenes of dense forest vegetation or...
Applications of aqueous equilibria
Presentation - 90 pages - Physics
When AgNO3 is added to a saturated solution of AgCl, it is often described as a source of a common ion, the Ag+ ion. By definition, a common ion is an ion that enters the solution from two different sources. Solutions to which both NaCl and AgCl have been added also contain a common ion; in this...
Equilibrium: Heat energy
Presentation - 90 pages - Physics
Heat is energy flowing from a high temperature object to a low temperature object. When the two objects are at the same temperature, there is no net flow of energy or heat. That is why a covered cup of coffee will not be colder than or warmer than the room temperature after it has been in there...
Hardness test of metals: An experiment using the Brinell test and the Rockwell test
Essay - 6 pages - Physics
Hardness has been defined in several ways over time, mostly by physicists, metallurgists and engineers. Different definitions range from hardness being defined as a collection of properties of a material more or less related to each other to resistance to permanent indentation. The difficulty to...
The development and application of hydrogen energy in the United States
Essay - 3 pages - Physics
In his State of the Union Address, President Bush made the observation that the United States had become addicted to foreign oil. The recent surge in gas prices is clearly reflective of this addiction. Americans have become so reticent in their oil usage that they are now willing to pay in excess...
EDTA Titration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in Bottled Water
Course material - 4 pages - Physics
The objective of this experiment is to determine the total concentration of metal ions required to completely react with EDTA, or ethylene diamine tetra-acetate. The concentration determined will then be taken as the equivalent concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Ca2+ will be analyzed separately in...
How Mad is Reefer?
Essay - 4 pages - Physics
From the age of twelve and older nearly 40% of our country, about 98 million Americans, has used Cannabis sativa for its psychological and physiological effects in much the same way as it has been throughout recorded history (AMA Council). This lengthy past has constructed a harsh stigma around...
Gas Chromatography
Case study - 4 pages - Physics
Chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze chemicals. It was initially discovered in the early 1900's by chemist Mikhail Tsvett who was researching chlorophyll to separate plant pigments.1 The components undergoing separation are divided into two phases, a stationary phase, and a...
