The cyanide poisoning has been around for centuries if not millennia since it is likely to occur following the ingestion of certain plants such as the bitter almond, cassava, beans of Java, the core of apricots, plums, cherries. The industrial age has led to a significant increase in the use of cyanide salts in particular in metallurgy. Finally, the use of increasingly widespread materials and synthetic polymers has led to an increased risk of exposure to cyanide as a result of combustion of these products.
The cyanide poisoning can be acute or chronic and can occur in various circumstances:
Acute
Accidental exposure in the workplace;
Fire;
Voluntary intake
[...] Protocol For Administration of Cyanide Antidote Packaged Content: Each kit contains Packaged Cyanide Antidote: 12 ampoules of amyl nitrite, USP ml for inhalation 2 ampoules of sodium nitrite, USP for injection mg in 10 ml of sterile water 2 vials of sodium thiosulfate, USP for injection g in 50 ml of sterile water (pH is adjusted during manufacture by the addition of boric acid and / or sodium hydroxide) 1 sterile 10 ml disposable plastic with a 22 gauge needle 1 sterile 60 ml disposable plastic 1 sterile disposable needle 20 gauge 1 1tube for the stomach 1 syringe 60 ml non-sterile 1 tourniquet General Emergency treatment of cyanide poisoning by mineral or organic Hydrogen cyanide (gas) Hydrocyanic acid (liquid) Cyanide salts (e.g. [...]
[...] General Emergency treatment of poisoning by cyanide or organic minerals. Hydrogen cyanide (gas) Hydrocyanic acid (liquid) Cyanide salts (eg calcium, sodium, potassium Cyanogenic derivatives (eg fluorides, iodides, bromides, chloride Nitriles (eg acrylonitrile, acetonitrile) less toxic. Clinical indications Absolute: Exhibition known and symptomatic patients Dizziness, flushed skin, headache, agitation, palpitations and: stupor, coma, tachycardia, tachypnea, seizures, bradycardia, hypotension, apnea, and pulmonary Odem death. Following information: Exhibition and presumed symptomatic patient. This applies particularly to a patient who shows signs of severe hypoxemia in the absence of cyanosis. [...]
[...] It operates in the cyanide poisoning by replacing a hydroxyl group of its molecule with a cyano group, producing the cyanocobalamin is excreted in the urine. A molecule of a molecule fixed OHB12 cyanide, hence the need to use high doses of hydroxocobalamin. The therapeutic efficacy of OHB12 when cyanide poisoning has been demonstrated in various experimental and clinical conditions: Intoxication of a worker exposed to propionitrile. Band 1986.Toxicokinetics of cyanide and OHB12 in seven cases of cyanide poisoning and one case mixed cyanide / carbon monoxide. [...]
[...] use of amyl nitrite in the treatment of acute poisoning in cyanide. NB amyl nitrite can be used with either of the kits available antidotes. It is included in the Cyanide Antidote Package but not in the Cyanokit In this case, it must be purchased separately. Clinical indication Amyl nitrite is used for several years as emergency treatment in severe cyanide poisoning. The therapeutic goal was to lead to the formation of methemoglobin. Methaemoglobin formed combines with cyanide to produce the cyanméthémoglobine, non-toxic derivative which is then excreted. [...]
[...] Antidotes against cyanide In addition to oxygen, which is not specific antidote used in the treatment of poisoning by cyanide kit "Cyanide Antidote Package Taylor should be used early in severe intoxication. Lilly kit no longer available in Canada, it is suggested to go through the Center of Toxicology of Quebec (418-654- 2254) to obtain the kit "Cyanide Antidote Package" which replaces it. The kit "Cyanokit manufactured in France, may also be obtained through the CTQ. This kit, which contains the hydroxocobolamine should eventually supplant other cyanide antidotes Naloxone (Narcan The antidote has its place in the diagnosis and treatment of poisoning by opiates. [...]
APA Style reference
For your bibliographyOnline reading
with our online readerContent validated
by our reading committee
