Communication is what distinguishes human beings from animals. It is a form of expression. There are many ways to express things, but the most commonly used form is communication. There are two types of communication: Verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal or Oral communication is one of the most widely used forms of communication. The message is normally expressed by words and then conveyed with the help of sounds produced, called the voice. The voice is a part of the speaker.
[...] The nature of psychogenic disorders was explained to the patient. The patient explored the various possible causes with the therapist. It was found that the only pressure felt by the young girl was one of her studies. However, the girl did not seem convinced. A week later, she returned alone to the consultation and her voice was perfectly normal. She appeared calm and happy. Towards the end of the consultation, she asked the therapist if an event that took place four months ago could have a relationship with her current symptoms. [...]
[...] Therapy directed at the symptom, focuses on the release of the constriction above the glottis, accompanied by phrases such as "let the voice In addition, the therapist helped the patient to understand the disorder and the psychogenic factors relevant to her own case. After reviewing all the aspects of her life, the therapist did not find anything that seemed to be the cause of her trouble. One week later, after arriving for consultation, the patient initiated a conversation with a clear, strong voice. [...]
[...] Some authors also speculate that psychogenic voice disorders result from the disruption of reciprocal interactions between emotional awareness, perception and motor center laryngeal phonation. In this context, the larynx can be considered as an organ through which emotionally charged feelings are expressed. The current behavior also recognizes the role of cognitive factors such as anxiety or depression as possible causes of voice disorders. The longitudinal study conducted by Anderson indicates that social stress i.e. stress on interpersonal relationships in the family, at work and in other social activities are responsible for the frustration associated with psychogenic disorders. [...]
[...] The irritation of the laryngeal mucosa after respiratory disorders triggers the defense mechanism in the larynx, thereby causing the contraction of the laryngeal muscles. If the problem persists, social consequences may arise. A feeling of illness coupled with feelings of inadequacy, will arise. This affects patients whose profession is dependent on their voice. It is a vicious cycle for these patients, as the discomfort in the voice increases the stress, and consequently further contracts the laryngeal muscles. Diagnosis The basic diagnosis of a non-organic disorder can be established merely by excluding an organic cause. [...]
[...] Perello classified non-organic disorders of the voice into sub-categories as: Phono-neurosis disorders which include psychogenic aphonia, spasmodic dysphonia etc. and Phono-ponosis disorders which include hyper and hypo-kinetic dysphonia. Milutinovic subsequently modified this classification by excluding spasmodic dysphonia, because of the possibility of an organic cause for it. The term “psychogenic” vs. “functional” The term "psychogenic" indicates that the primary etiology of the voice disorder is psychological. But, it also does not rule out the possibility of muscle tension being a factor in causing dysphonia. [...]
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