Digestion is the process of break down of (catabolic) complex organic macro molecules into simple assimilable micro molecules. This involves several biocatalysts called enzymes. Therefore digestion could also be said as the enzymatic hydrolysis of the food.The roof of the buccal cavity is the palate. At the posterior end of the soft palate there is a lose flap of tissue called the ‘uvula' which closes the internal nostrils while the food is swallowed. On the floor of the buccal cavity there is a muscular organ called the ‘Tongue'. On the upper and lower jaws there are hard biting structures called the teeth. There are also three pairs of salivary glands on the inside walls of the buccal cavity. These are hard, white, shining structures found on the upper and lower jaws. Since the teeth appear in two sets in humans it is called Diphyodont dentition. The teeth are located in sockets found in the jaw bones. So the dentition is also called Thecodont dentition.
[...] On the inner lining of the duodenum there are certain Brunner's glands which secrete an alkaline mucus secretion. On the inner wall of the jejunum there are the intestinal glands or the crypts of Lieberkuhn which secrete the succus entericus. The ileum opens into a caecum on the right side. This entrance is guarded by an ileo-caecal valve. LARGE INTESTINE The large intestine is about 1.5 m long and 6 cm. wide. Along its wall there are three longitudinal bands of muscles called the Taeniae coli. [...]
[...] SALIVARY GLANDS There are 3 pairs of salivary glands in the buccal cavity namely the parotid glands, sub maxillary / submandibular glands and the sublingual glands. The parotid glands are found at the base of the external ear, the sub maxillary glands are found at the angle of jaws and the sublingual glands lie below the tongue. These salivary glands secrete approximately liters of saliva per day. The saliva has a pH of 6.8 to The saliva contains water, mucus, ions, lysozyme, amylase etc. [...]
[...] When the worn out RBC are haemolysed in the spleen and liver, an yellow colored pigment called bilirubin is released. This pigment is normally excreted in the urine and feces. The level of bilirubin is between 1 - 3 mg / 100 ml in the blood. If it exceeds this level the color will be felt in the tissues and in the urine. Jaundice is of several types: A). Hepatitic jaundice This is due to the infection of the liver by viruses such as Hepatitis-A and Hepatitis-B . [...]
[...] LIVER This is the largest digestive gland in the body. It lies on the right side of the stomach. It weighs about 1.5 kgs. It is divided into four lobes like right, left, quadrate and caudate lobes. The liver secretes a yellowish green fluid called bile. Its pH is 7.6 to Approximately one liter of bile is produced every day. The bile is taken to the gall bladder through a cystic duct and stored. The bile is released into the duodenum through a bile duct. [...]
[...] It rotates and rolls the food into boli helping in mechanical digestion. It helps in oral communication speech. It secretes an enzyme called lingual lipase which digests a small amount of fat. (Ebner's glands). PHARYNX It is a small 14 cm. long region divisible into three parts, like the nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx. The buccal cavity opens into the oropharynx. On its lateral walls there are two lymphoid swellings called the tonsils. The oropharynx leads into the oesophagus. The pharynx helps in swallowing (Deglutition). [...]
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