Lab experiment to determine the anatomy and physiology of the renal system
Tutorials/exercises - 5 pages - Medical studies
The mammalian urinary tract is an organ system that primarily functions in collecting, transporting, storing, and eliminating urine from the body in a series of complex steps that are highly coordinated. The constant filtration and flow of blood and urine within the renal system, i.e. in the...
What is Cholecystitis?
Tutorials/exercises - 3 pages - Medical studies
Cholecystitis or acute cholecystitis is caused due to the inflammation of the gallbladder, usually this happens when a gallstone blocks the cystic duct. Acute cholecystitis can be divided into two types, calculous and acalculous cholecystitis (NHS Inform, 2019). The main opening of the...
Web-based intervention among cancer survivors
Tutorials/exercises - 4 pages - Medical studies
Patient empowerment is linked with the improvement of patients' health outcomes. It is said to help patients to take care of their health conditions, and in return, improve their health outcomes. Web-based intervention has been one of the methods used to empower patients. It has been used to...
Are bio active-rich fractions functionally richer?
Tutorials/exercises - 8 pages - Medical studies
Plant bioresources are relied upon as natural, inexpensive, and sustainable remedies for the management of several chronic diseases worldwide. Plants have historically been consumed for medicinal purposes based on traditional belief, but this trend is currently changing. The growing interest in...
Impact of information technology in the world of health
Tutorials/exercises - 7 pages - Medical studies
In the world of health, information technology is a real challenge. Internal communication is the key factor for success in a medical organization. For example: the physicians must be reachable at any time, and must constantly be able to ascertain the health of their patients and the latest...
Biological effects of ultrasound
Tutorials/exercises - 5 pages - Medical studies
Medical sonography, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and ultrasound-enhanced systemic thrombolysis are just three of the medical applications of the natural phenomenon of ‘ultrasound,' high frequency sound waves that are undetectable to the human ear. Ultrasound waves have a number...
Progress of Alzheimer's disease
Tutorials/exercises - 5 pages - Medical studies
Alzheimer's disease is a progressively debilitating condition that occurs in stages, from pre-Alzheimer changes in brain cognitive functioning to late stage deterioration. The disease process includes memory loss, lack of ability to perform formerly easily carried out higher-motor skill...
Patient's right to refuse life sustaining treatment
Tutorials/exercises - 15 pages - Medical studies
Medicine and law overlap in regards to numerous issues, none more controversial than a patient's right to refuse life sustaining treatment. When a patient is suffering an incurable and irreversible medical condition they face the extremely difficult decision of whether or not to continue...
A possible neural basis for autism: Oxytocin and vasopressin expression
Tutorials/exercises - 6 pages - Medical studies
Autism is a devastating developmental disorder which is one of five disorders that are termed Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). Autism is commonly associated with qualitative impairment in social interaction and communication as well as repetitive and stereotyped patterns of interest. These...
Effects of mindfulness meditation and citalopram on worry and brain activation in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD)
Tutorials/exercises - 7 pages - Medical studies
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a type of anxiety disorder that affects over four million Americans in any year (NIMH, 2000). There is much research that shows anxiety can lead to a magnitude of health ailments, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, suppressed immune system, and...
Top facts about Anorexia Nervosa
Tutorials/exercises - 5 pages - Medical studies
In a society that is becoming more commercialist and consumer-driven, it is inevitable that standards of beauty become the focus of many, especially women who are the general targets of many advertisements and products. It is because of the prevalence of the idea that “thin is in” that...
Huntington and the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD)
Tutorials/exercises - 5 pages - Medical studies
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an established genetic origin. Adult onset HD is characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline and psychiatric disturbance (Ranen et al., 1993 and Harper, 1996). Initially symptoms include depression, irritable...
Methods of transmission: Dengue fever
Tutorials/exercises - 6 pages - Medical studies
The adventurous tourist, obliviously hacking his way through the jungles of Brazil, is first aware of a faint buzzing noise, then a tiny sting on his arm. The smack of his hand seems to have taken care of the problem: he has merely been bitten by a mosquito, so it seems there is no reason to...
Fetal alcohol syndrome: How a mother can kill her child?
Tutorials/exercises - 7 pages - Medical studies
A pregnant woman is at risk of many health problems especially because she is actually having two lives to take care of, herself and the unborn child inside her. This is the reason that a woman should be extra careful in all the activities she engage in, in order to protect both herself and the...
Stem cell research: The immorality of immortality
Tutorials/exercises - 12 pages - Medical studies
Since time immemorial, even before the emergence of scientific proofs, man has probably always believed that we are the highest form of creature existing in this planet, and perhaps even in the entire universe. Apart from the capacity to perform things that other organisms cannot, biologically...
Community acquired pneumonia
Tutorials/exercises - 6 pages - Medical studies
Community acquired pneumonia is the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States affecting over 1 million individuals costing the government over $10 billion in treatment and patient care (Stanton, 2002). Statistics given by the US Department of Health and Human Services (2002) show that...
The progress that has been made in research development regarding how the body produces and regulates cholesterol
Tutorials/exercises - 7 pages - Medical studies
In recent years, cholesterol has become a topic of paramount concern for public health. Research on cholesterol has shown that increased levels of this compound in the bloodstream can increase an individual's risk for the development of a host of chronic health problems including coronary heart...
PERCOCET: How it works
Tutorials/exercises - 2 pages - Medical studies
Percocet is a well known pain killer used to treat pain for moderate to severe sufferers of a wide variety of ailments. Percocet, or similarly composed products containing narcotics, are prescribed by doctors quite often for various forms of serious pain (ranging from severe, chronic, cases such...
Genes and Chromosomes
Tutorials/exercises - 6 pages - Medical studies
As a first approximation, genes can be defined as stretches of DNA that encode a single protein or a single functional RNA, such as an rRNA or tRNA. There are exceptions to this rule because there are mechanisms, such as alternative splicing of the primary RNA transcript into different mRNAs,...
Pelvic Circulation
Tutorials/exercises - 2 pages - Medical studies
At the bifurcation of the aorta, the middle sacral artery arises posteriorly and travels on the pelvic surface of the sacrum to supply branches to the sacral foramina and the rectum. The common iliac arteries arise at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra, run anterior and lateral to their...
Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genitalia
Tutorials/exercises - 4 pages - Medical studies
The pelvic bones are the sacrum (the termination of the axial skeleton) and the two innominate bones. The latter are formed by the fusion of the iliac, ischial, and pubic ossification centers at the acetabulum. The ischium and pubis also meet below, in the center of the inferior ramus, to form...
The Amnion
Tutorials/exercises - 3 pages - Medical studies
The amnion at term is a tough and tenacious but pliable membrane. It is the innermost fetal membrane and is contiguous with the aminonic fluid. This particular avascular structure occupies a role of incredible importance in human pregnancy. In many obstetrical populations, preterm premature...
Blood Circulation in the Mature Placenta
Tutorials/exercises - 2 pages - Medical studies
Because the placenta functionally represents a rather intimate association of the fetal capillary bed to maternal blood, its gross anatomy primarily concerns vascular relations. The fetal surface of the placenta is covered by the transparent amnion beneath which the fetal chorionic vessels...
Organization of Placenta
Tutorials/exercises - 2 pages - Medical studies
From the electron microscopic studies of Wislocki and Dempsey (1955), data were provided that permitted a functional interpretation of the fine structure of the placenta. There are prominent microvilli on the syncytial surface, corresponding to the "brush border" described by light microscopy....
Embryonic and Placental Development
Tutorials/exercises - 2 pages - Medical studies
In a description of the earliest stages of the human blastocyst, the wall of the primitive blastodermic vesicle was characterized as consisting of a single layer of ectoderm. As early as 72 hours after ovum fertilization, the 58-cell blastula had differentiated into 5 embryo-producing cells and...
Immunological Acceptance of the Conceptus
Tutorials/exercises - 3 pages - Medical studies
Over the last half century, many attempts to explain the survival of the semiallogenic fetal graft have been proposed. One of the earliest explanations was based on the theory of antigenic immaturity of the embryo-fetus. This was disproved by Billingham (1964) who showed that transplantation...
Fetal Tissues of the Fetal-Maternal Communication System
Tutorials/exercises - 5 pages - Medical studies
The extravillous and villous trophoblasts are the embryonic-fetal tissues of the anatomical interface of the placental arm; the avascular fetal membranes—the amnion and chorion laeve—are the fetal tissues of the anatomical interface of the paracrine arm of this system. The placental...
The Decidua
Tutorials/exercises - 4 pages - Medical studies
This tissue is the specialized, highly modified endometrium of pregnancy. The transformation of secretory endometrium to decidua is dependent upon the action of estrogen and progesterone and other stimuli provided by the implanting blastocyst (or maternal platelets) during trophoblast invasion of...
Prementrual Syndromes
Tutorials/exercises - 2 pages - Medical studies
A variety of maladies, sometimes disabling, beset many ovulatory women in a recurrent manner during the luteal phase of each ovarian cycle. Although the biological basis for this association is not defined, evidence points to a causal relationship between progesterone secretion and withdrawal and...
Clinical Aspects of Menstruation
Tutorials/exercises - 2 pages - Medical studies
Menstruation is the periodic discharge of blood, mucus, and cellular debris from the uterine mucosa. Menses occur at more or less regular, cyclical, and predictable intervals from menarche to menopause except during pregnancy, lactation, anovulation, or pharmacological intervention. It is...
