Neurocognitive Outcomes, Type 1 Diabetes, Children, T1DM, insulin, autoimmune disorders
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a disease caused by the inability of the body to produce insulin. As a result of the human defenses against autoimmune disorders, insulin producing cells in the body are identified as foreign and therefore targeted by immune cells for destruction. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, which is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels through the regulation of glucose uptake from blood into storage cells. High levels of blood glucose can result in damage of organs such as the kidney, liver, pancreas and brain. The main symptoms of diabetes include weight loss, polynuria and presence of sugar in urine. It is characteristic of T1DM for symptoms to develop quickly especially in young people.
[...] Cognitive function in children with type 1 diabetes a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 1892-1897. Ghetti, S., Lee, J. K., Sims, C. E., DeMaster, D. M., & Glaser, N. S. (2010). Diabetic ketoacidosis and memory dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes. The Journal of pediatrics, 156(1), 109-114. Gispen, W. H., &Biessels, G. J. (2000).Cognition and synaptic plasticity in diabetes mellitus. Trends in neurosciences, 23(11), 542-549. Haces, M. L., Montiel, T., &Massieu, L. (2010).Selective vulnerability of brain regions to oxidative stress in a non-coma model of insulin- induced hypoglycemia. [...]
[...] To other patients, pancreas transplant is recommended. It involves the transfer of a full functional pancreas from a donor into a patient. This is a high risk operation that can only be performed in a few hospitals that have the required equipment and personnel. The challenge to this method being adopted is the availability of donors to provide the cadaver. I. Cognitive outcomes on memory 1. Neural basis of memory Ghetti, S., Lee, J. K., Sims, C. E., DeMaster, D. M., & Glaser, N. [...]
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[...] Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia as a result of Type 1 diabetes mellitus may result in defective development of some regions of the brain or alteration of brain pathway functions (Dorsey et al 2013). The brain is still in its developmental stage in children and therefore highly vulnerable to the chronic hyperglycemia caused by diabetes mellitus. There are a number of cognitive functions that are affected by hypoglycemia as a result of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The most affected functions are those of memory and attention. (Musen et al 2006).Musen et al (2006) suggests that working memory in T1dm patients is impaired. [...]
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