Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, Antinuclear antibodies, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Autoantibodies, autoantibody responses, antigen-presenting cells, focal lymphocytic sialadenitis, T-cell production
Antibodies that respond with self-antigens are known as natural antibodies or autoantibodies. Such antigens can be highly specific for a particular type of cell in one organ or found in multiple cell types. Autoantibodies act as the first line of defense in the body in resistance to infections and are one of the contributing factors in maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system. Autoantibodies can be present before the development of the disease in some autoimmune disorders; they can exhibit remarkable specificity and function as biomarkers, which can facilitate diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Autoantibodies directly bind to target organs in organ-specific autoimmune illnesses such as pemphigus or myasthenia gravis, inflicting damage to the organ.
[...] Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are among the many autoantibodies seen in SLE, a severe systemic illness that causes multi-organ involvement. Smoking appears to be a substantial risk in RA, even though environmental factors and genetic predisposition are the underlying causes of these illnesses. Although they have limitations, immunoassay methods such as Western blot and ELISA can diagnose illnesses linked to autoantibodies. To improve treatments and diagnostic techniques, it is essential to understand the unique functions and consequences of autoantibodies in various illnesses. [...]
[...] (2023). Rheumatoid Arthritis. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441999/#:~:text=Rheumatoid%20arthritis%20(RA)%20is%20a,that%20primarily%20involves%20synovial%20joints. Darwish, I. A. (2006). Immunoassay Methods and their Applications in Pharmaceutical Analysis: Basic Methodology and Recent Advances. International Journal of Biomedical Science?: IJBS, 2(3). E. Carsons, S., & C. Patel, B. (2023). Sjogren Syndrome. [...]
[...] Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555922/ Pasoto, S. G., Martins, V. A. de O., & Bonfa, E. (2019). Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: Links and risks. [...]
[...] The condition has many phenotypes and presents itself in a variety of clinical manners, from mildly mucocutaneous to the involvement of multiple organs and the central nervous system. Many autoantibodies have been identified, yet the diagnosis of SLE is challenging. The aetiology of SLE is unknown, but many factors, such as genetic, immunological and environmental factors, play a role in its aetiopathogenesis. SLE pathogenesis is complex and evolving. Genetically susceptible individuals, exposed to environmental factors, experience a tolerance breakdown, activating autoimmunity. T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are crucial in the pathogenesis of SLE. [...]
[...] Immunology - The Role of Autoantibodies in Autoimmune: Disorders/Diseases Antibodies that respond with self-antigens are known as natural antibodies or autoantibodies. Such antigens can be highly specific for a particular type of cell in one organ or found in multiple cell types. Autoantibodies act as the first line of defence in the body in resistance to infections and are one of the contributing factors in maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system. Autoantibodies can be present before the development of the disease in some autoimmune disorders; they can exhibit remarkable specificity and function as biomarkers, which can facilitate diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. [...]
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