Biochemistry, water molecule, hydrogen, positive charge, ionic, chemical reactions, biochemical reactions, hormones, water, polypeptide, polar, hydrogen bonds, polar molecules, hydrolysis, pH disrupts
Since the shape of a water molecule is not linear, instead it is a "V" shape of 104.5 degrees between two covalent bonds, it creates a partial positive and partial negative charge on the water molecule. Hence, it is known as a dipole. This is because oxygen has a negative charge and hydrogen as a positive charge.
If a molecule is polar or ionic, it will dissolve in water, but if it is non-polar, it will not be able to dissolve in water. Ions are able to dissolve in water, since ionic molecules break into two when mixed in water. One molecule has a positive charge and the other has a negative charge, hence they are able to dissolve in water, for example.
[...] - The more polar groups there are in a molecule, the more soluble it is in water. - Amphipathic molecules have hydrophobic chains and ionic or polar ends, for example detergents, and the phospholipid bilayer. - Covalent bonds are the strongest bonds, they involve sharing of electrons. Carbon-carbon covalent bonds are common in biological systems. Example is the peptide bond. - Non-covalent interactions in biomolecules are very important in stabilization of proteins and nucleic acids, recognition of one biopolymer by another. [...]
[...] - Hydrogen bonding is present between complementary DNA pairs as well, for example adenine and thymine or guanine and cytosine. - Hydrophobic interactions are an association of relatively non-polar molecules or a group with other non-polar molecules. - Charge-charge interactions are electrostatic interactions between two charged particles. It can be the strongest type of non-covalent forces. Can extend over greater distances than other forces. Charge repulsion occurs between similarly charged groups. - Types of charged interactions - salt bridges, and ion pairing. - Salt bridges are attractions between oppositely charged functional groups in proteins. [...]
[...] - Electrophiles are electron deficient atoms or groups. - Water is a relatively weak nucleophile. - Since there is such a high volume of water in cells, hydrolysis reactions in water are thermodynamically favored. - Water ionizes into 2 distinct ions, a proton and a hydroxyl ion it is an acid base reaction. - In acid base reactions hydrogen ions are added or removed from molecules. - The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is expressed as the pH. [...]
[...] Biochemistry - Water - Biochemistry is the study of chemical reactions of life. - The basic principles are common to all living organisms. - Most of the important biochemical reactions are very similar but there are exceptions. - Three main important nutrients are proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, these molecules are called macromolecules. - They are processed in the living organism to provide two very important components - ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and they are used as building blocks to rebuild and grow AAs, FAs, and monosaccharides. [...]
[...] - The Henderson hasselbalch equation defines the pH of a solution in terms of the pka of the weak acid and concentrations of the weak acid and conjugate base - A significant change in pH disrupts the molecular structure. - The buffer capacity is the ability of a solution to resist changes in pH. - Most effective buffering occurs where the solution pH = buffer pka - At this point - weak acid = conjugate base - Effective buffering range is usually at pH values equal to the pka ? 1 pH unit. [...]
APA Style reference
For your bibliographyOnline reading
with our online readerContent validated
by our reading committee
