Microbiology - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Staphylococcus aureus

Ayush K.

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Microbiology - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Staphylococcus aureus

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Themes

Staphylococcus aureus, diffusion method, antibiotics, microorganisms, bacterial identification, laboratory instructions, limitation, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, tobramycin, gentamycin

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Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium that can cause various ailments in the human body, some of which are lethal. It can be classified into methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Over the years, it has formed a multidrug resistance to many antibiotics, such as vancomycin. The aim/objective of this report is to determine whether Staphylococcus aureus is susceptible or resistant to 6 different antibiotics using Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. The results showed that Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to all 6 antibiotics following EUCAST referencing, and it was "intermediate" to 4 antibiotics and resistant to 2 antibiotics following CLSI referencing. It was concluded that a universal reference table should be generated to avoid confusion, and a range of concentrations should be provided for each antibiotic. Looking at how fast Staphylococcus aureus develops resistance to antibiotics, recommended future work should be to develop new antibiotics that Staphylococcus aureus is susceptible to, such as dalbavancin, oritavancin, and tigecycline.

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[...] In the experiment conducted, the objective was to work under aseptic techniques, bacterial identification, and doing an antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST). To identify the bacteria 2 tests were performed: a catalase test and a gram staining test; further differentiation was done using data outlined in the practical manual, which provided information such as whether the bacteria tested positive and negative for tests such as oxidase, citrate, indole, and coagulase. AST was performed using Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method, wherein multiple antibiotics were tested against S. [...]

[...] References: Guo, Y., Song, G., Sun, M., Wang, J., & Wang, Y. (2020). Prevalence and Therapies of Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. In Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology (Vol. 10). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00107 Hombach, M., Böttger, E. C., & Roos, M. (2013). The critical influence of the intermediate category on interpretation errors in revised EUCAST and CLSI antimicrobial susceptibility testing guidelines. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12090 Kohanski, M. [...]

[...] Another limitation seen in the experiment was that in the EUCAST reference table, the reference values were given specifically for Staphylococcus aureus but in the CLSI reference tables the reference values were given for Staphylococcus spp., this term is an umbrella that covers all Staphylococcus bacteria and not Staphylococcus aureus in particular. An argument can be made that since the EUCAST reference tables specifically give reference ranges for Staphylococcus aureus, the ranges are more reliable than the CLSI reference ranges since they include all Staphylococcus bacteria and not one specifically. An improvement in this can be made that the CLSI reference list should be updated to provide reference ranges for specific bacteria rather than its entire species. [...]

[...] Microbiology - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Staphylococcus aureus Table of Contents Abstract: 3 Introduction: 3 Materials And Methods: 4 Results And Discussion: 4 Conclusion: 6 References: 7 Appendix: 8 Table EUCAST Results 4 Table CLSI Results 5 Figure S. aureus E.coli (Bottom) 8 Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium that can cause various ailments in the human body, some of which are lethal. It can be classified into methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Over the years, it has formed a multidrug resistance to many antibiotics, such as vancomycin. [...]

[...] (2021). Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus . https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96888 O. I., & A. A. (2015). Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among pigs in selected farms in Ilora, South Western Nigeria. European Journal of Experimental Biology. Appendix: Figure S. [...]

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