human rights, violence, femicide, law, international law, European Union
In 2008, the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, during the launch of a campaign intending to end violence targeting women, said that the only global truth is that "violence against women is never acceptable, never excusable, never tolerable". The statement was a revelation that society acknowledges and intends to eradicate violence against women. It is interesting to observe that one of the markers for democracies is the development of human rights, which coincided with an increased interest in the violence that women experience globally.
Violence against individuals as a result of their gender or societal expectations is a real issue in the European Union (EU) and constitutes a human rights violation. Evidence suggests that violence affects more women than men on account of gender-based discrimination, and it is founded on gender inequalities. Interestingly, attaining gender equality is a key priority for EU citizens as a majority of the people think that this is important for society and the economy. A 2016 Eurobarometer survey reported that a majority of EU citizens wish that more could be done to achieve gender equality. One of the issues that have to be addressed as part of addressing gender inequality is gender-based violence (GBV).
[...] Following this introduction section, chapter 2 discusses femicide in-depth to broaden an understanding of what it constitutes. Chapter 3 highlights the current EU law about femicide and gender inequality, including the court cases that have addressed the issues in EU member states. Chapter 4 discusses the international obligation to address femicide, and chapter 5 presents an assessment of Turkey's legal and social approach to women's violation, and to what extent these are in line with the EU values and legislation since Turkey is an EU candidate state. [...]
[...] It is noteworthy to observe that the primary objective of the convention was to protect women and girls from violence targeting them based on their gender, as well as protecting men and women from domestic violence. Scholars argue that the convention is the most advanced approach toward protecting women from violence at the international level. The Istanbul Convention is grounded on two fundamental human rights principles: equality and non-discrimination. According to article the inequality between men and women is the underlying cause of violence against women, which qualifies as a form of discrimination against women. It provides an exhaustive list of the prohibited grounds for discrimination, such as gender identity and sexual preference. [...]
[...] This means that all citizens of the EU must enjoy the same rights and freedoms, regardless of their gender. To frame the position of the EU on gender equality, it is first important to understand the meaning of the term `equality' according to the Treaty on European Union human rights law, and the constitutional framework of Member States, which form the three primary sources of legal provision on equality. First, it is worth observing that at least every Member State has one or several constitutional provisions on equality or discrimination. [...]
[...] The European Parliament has already defined the term as an act that leads to death or harm to women based on their gender. However, there lacks an elaborate system that seeks to collect data uniformly on the occurrence of femicide across Europe. For this reason, it is challenging to trace the data on the severity of the problem as the existing records either lack conclusive data or fail to provide an account of the motives behind the killings. This study illustrated that most intimate partners who kill their wives or ex-wives are mostly compelled to do so because of the shifting gender roles, which can be connected to aspects of culture, tradition, and practices in society. [...]
[...] It is interesting to observe that one of the markers for democracies is the development of human rights, which coincided with an increased interest in the violence that women experience globally. Violence against individuals as a result of their gender or societal expectations is a real issue in the European Union and constitutes a human rights violation.Evidence suggests that violence affects more women than men on account of gender-based discrimination, and it is founded on gender inequalities. Interestingly, attaining gender equality is a key priority for EU citizens as a majority of the people think that this is important for society and the economy. [...]
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