Legal English

Extract

[...] Nowadays, surveillance is possible through CCTV cameras, facial recognition systems are also more common, or one's DNA can be taken when arrested (but must be destroyed within 6 months under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012). [...]

[...] In criminal cases, legal aid depends on the defendant's income. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) The purpose is to use litigation as a last resort in order to make the system more efficient but, indirectly, to save time and money. The ADR uses 3 means to reach resolutions in disputes : Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration. Modernising the English Court System Purpose To make the system more efficient and adequate. The Court and Tribunals (Judiciary and Functions of Staff) Act In order to have a more flexible and efficient system, staff that are qualified and experienced enough can now perform tasks formerly reserved to judges like case management and mediation. [...]

[...] The mother gives up the baby but can refuse, leading to court claim. Adoption Over 21 The consent of the biological parents is necessary for adopters to become the legal parents of the adoptee. Before the adoption order is issued by a judge, the child can stay with foster parents. In the case of child abuse or neglect, social services have the right to remove children from their biological families on a temporary or permanent basis. In the last scenario, social services can apply for a Child Order if a judge accepts, it will result to children living with foster parents (parents nourriciers) or be adopted. [...]

[...] Séance 9 : Discrimination in the UK I. Protection and action The Equality Act 2010 It protects individuals from: - Direct discrimination : unfavourable treatment on protected characteristics like disability, race, religion - Indirect discrimination : apparently neutral provision, criterion or practice (PCP) that finally puts protected characteristics at a disadvantage. - Harassment : unwanted behaviour linked to a protected characteristic that violates someone's dignity or creates an offensive environment for them. - Victimisation : aims to prevent any unfair treatment of an individual because they complained about discrimination or harassment. [...]

[...] The family Court Deals with family proceedings in private and public law. Appeals from this court lie in the Family division of the High Court. Tribunals Decide disputes in relation to specific areas of administration law (private individuals and gov departments for ex). Proceedings will involved 1 judge + 1 or 2 lay members (non-legal members) Appeals can be heard in an upper tribunal and then the court of Appeal and finally the Supreme Court. An employment Tribunal also exists. [...]