Located in the western part of Africa, notably surrounded by Liberia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea and Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire constitutes an isolated case in the African History of the twentieth century. Indeed, considered as a model of African success from its decolonisation in 1960 until the beginning of the 1980s – period more commonly known as the miracle ivoirien or Ivorian miracle- Ivory Coast has however sunk into a devastating civil war in 1999. Besides, Ivory Coast became after Djibouti the second former African French colony to have been affected by this kind of fratricide conflict. Since then, Ivory Coast seems to have been unable to find an exit door to its crisis. More worrying again, its economy as well as its political lives are still currently entrenched. Nevertheless, many international actors concerned by the Ivorian crisis have, since 1999, invested Côte d'Ivoire. In 2004, the UN created the ONUCI (Opération des Nations Unies pour la Côte d'Ivoire)- a special UN operation for Côte d'Ivoire in order to help this country to recover from its ongoing crisis.
[...] Secondly, the ONUCI regrets the interethnic violence in the south-western part of the country; violence mainly caused by Liberian freelance soldiers who threaten and intimidate Ivorian living in that region. The UN also deplores the increasing number of arms in free circulation in the country, hampering the peacekeeping process. Likewise, the ONUCI notices a massive exodus of northern civil servants (almost 23,000 of them) who moved into southern Côte d'Ivoire during the civil war. Consequently, northern Ivorian administration suffer from a lack of efficiency comparatively to the southern part. [...]
[...] Therefore, one can assert with little doubt that so far the experience of good governance under the rules of the ONUCI in Côte d'Ivoire was both inappropriate and inefficient. Indeed, within more than two years of ONUCI's experience Ivory Coast is unfortunately very similar to 2004 Ivory Coast. Bibliography Comment Chirac a perdu . et pourquoi Gbagbo n'a pas gagné. François Soudan. Jeune Afrique (10/2006) La Méhode Konan Banny.Elimane Fall and Pascal Airault. Jeune Afrique n°2375. (07/2006) Côte d'Ivoire : ADO au pays. [...]
[...] Therefore, as Gbagbo's loyalist forces were to meet strong resistance from rebels, the situation logically became blocked and unpredictable. Keen on preserve and secure its interests in Ivory Coast, France immediately launched a military operation, l'opération licorne or the Unicorn Operation, whose main purposes was to secure the demarcation line separating the northern from the southern part of Ivory Coast by sending more than 2,000 soldiers along this new de facto border. On the 17th October a ceased fire was signed and negotiations between both forces began. [...]
[...] First of all, the price of cocoa and coffee suddenly plummeted during the 1970s. Consequently, for -as we have already mentioned it above- Ivorian economy mainly relied on these agricultural exports, Ivory Coast brought in less and less money. Moreover, the two successive oil crisis of 1973 and 1979 also contributed to handicap the Ivorian economy due to the fact that the country was hugely dependant of these kind of imports. Within a decade, the country's external debt increased threefold. [...]
[...] Development indicators and general economic data of Ivory Coast In this first part, I will mention and analyse the development indicators as well as several economic data that characterise current Côte d'Ivoire. Far from turning out to be an exhaustive list of statistics, this first part will help the reader to better understand present Côte d'Ivoire but will also constitute an important data base that I will deeply use and refer to during my both third and forth part. Eager to adopt a very structural approach for this paper, I will first treat general and development indicators (essentially demographic indicators) before analysing economic indicators of Côte d'Ivoire For the two different part mentioned above, I will pay a particular attention to the differences that symbolize Ivorian statistics of before and after the civil war period. [...]
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