Since the quickening of the Industrial Revolution in United Kingdom in 1850 there is no doubt that Europe sustained important cultural changes. The aura of this revolution crossed the Channel and pervaded in Europe but only went in western countries ready to change, France the first, then Germany, Italy, Spain, northern countries and until Austria. In addition, the impact of this industrial revolution was more limited beyond these countries, Poland, Russia and other countries of Eastern Europe were tardier in the evolution of their industry despite some exceptions. There is no denying that this revolution thus permitted a boom of new systems of management, Taylorism and Fordism for example and many others.
Moreover, the culture of each country of Europe has changed during the first quarter of the 20th Century according to the evolution of mentalities and parameters linked to the impact of the revolution. Totally new thoughts and personalities brought out and mainly in Western Europe but until Western Europe too (delimited from Hungary to the present Russia). Religion, Art, Politics, Industry, Science were involved.
This revolution was an entire upset which in some way separated Europe between a productive one in the west and another latecomer one in the east. It thus appeared from this period some fundamental differences in terms of culture, on the one hand a more liberal culture and on the other hand a more sovietized culture, due to the hegemony of Russia on its satellite states. In a second time, the first and second world wars spawned eastern and western military blocks which deg gaps between cultures, mind and management systems because of the influence of different political systems, leaders, ideologies.
[...] The recent history of Europe is marked by the two world wars and the cold war that divided the continent in two blocs: Western Europe was under the influence of United States of America (USA) although Eastern Europe was under the control of USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). Since the end of the Second World War the construction of the European Union began. Some countries of the East of Europe joined it the 1st of January 2004. European Union is the first economic power of the world before the USA and the first exporter of the world. [...]
[...] There is no doubt that the leadership system of Franco is similar as Ceausescu's even if they belong to Eastern and Western Europe. Franco, according to his very classical education, fought all things which were on the contrary of what he received in terms of culture. Thus, leadership of Franco was based on his beliefs and his references. The fact that Ceausescu wanted to rally Romanian people around historical personalities and his wish to become a new ‘Hitler' or a new ‘Stalin' with a dictatorial system show us that culture is in the middle of leadership Walesa in Poland Presentation of Poland The Republic of Poland is a country of Central Europe with 38 million of inhabitants. [...]
[...] He served in the army for 2 years, rose to the rank of corporal, and in 1967 was employed in the Gdansk shipyards as an electrician. Then he began to be famous during the workers revolt of the shipyard of Gdansk (1970). In the 1970's he worked as a shop steward during about five years, then he used to live by taking temporary jobs. In 1978 began his consultative leadership by organizing free non-communist trade unions and taking part in many actions on the sea coast. [...]
[...] Because of management difficulties in 1953, the Prime Minister Rakosi was fired, that is why Nagy acceded to this authoritarian and responsible place. After that, a struggle set up between these two ministers. But Imre Nagy was an ardent fighter and his fight was fair and moral because he was led by his conscious behavior and his beliefs. Nagy thus became the leader of Hungary; he used the occasion for making free the mass media from the state- owned stranglehold and lauded the intellectual freedom by public debates on economy and politics. [...]
[...] Moreover, each area of industry requires specific skills of management style to be as efficient as possible. If these managers or leaders have not these qualities, they can not succeed in their own domain. To put it in a nutshell, there is no doubt that culture is an intrinsic element of management and leadership in both Eastern and Western Europe. Differences and similarities appear when we compare the management and leadership systems between these two parts of Europe. Bibliography Ouvrages BEDFORD N., RAWSON J., WARREN M., (2006), République tchèque [...]
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