Representation and governance in international organizations - Rapkin, Strand and Trevathan (2016) - Can international organizations be representative and democratic?

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[...] Retrieved October 2021, from Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/AdvisoryCom/Session24/A_HRC_AC_24_CRP4.docx O'Neill, B., & Bezalel, P. (2000, Augustus). Reconciling Power and Equality in International Organizations. Consulté le October 2021, sur UCLA College Social Sciences: http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/faculty/boneill/index_files/c&a.html Ozigré, P. (2013, June 27). Les organes restreints des organisations internationales. Retrieved October 2021, from Université de Maastricht: https://doi.org/10.26481/dis.20130627po Rapkin, D. P., Strand, J. R., & Trevathan, M. W. (2016, August 11). [...]

[...] The first country to grant women suffrage was New Zealand in 1893 and the last country was Saudi Arabia in 2015. Unfortunately, in 2021, women are still underrepresented. Attitudes toward women candidates are still largely characterized by stereotypes at this time, and political opponents still have the mania to use these stereotypes to question women's abilities (Razan, 2020). Can we talk about representation and good governance when women are underrepresented? I think not In the text "Representation and governance in international organizations", it is explained that the principle of minority representation is an important notion for good governance and democracy. [...]

[...] In addition, I believe that it should be possible to hold the great powers accountable for their ideas without the right of veto. Democracy is above all a question of will on the part of the Member States of international organizations and I think it would be interesting to review the electoral structure of international organizations. Bibliographie Amnesty International. (2017, October 4). Under-representation of women in international justice. Retrieved October 2021, from Amnesty International: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/10/underrepresentation-of-women-in-international-justice/ Archibugi, D., & Cellini, M. [...]

[...] Quotas could therefore ensure a certain representation as well as better governance in international organizations but only from an arithmetical point of view (Revillard, 2020). To finish this schoolwork, I would like to tackle a solution that could potentially remedy the problems mentioned in the previous part of this work by improving the geographical representation, the representation of capacities and perhaps also the representation of the population. O'Neil and Peleg propose as a solution "the vote by count and account" (O'Neill & Bezalel, 2000). [...]

[...] Representation and Decision-Making at the International Labour Organization", it is explained that the number of seats is defined according to the industrial capacity of Member States. Unfortunately, the system of seats reserved for the major industrial powers is, as the text explains, both undemocratic and counterproductive, as other members feel that the standards adopted only consider European and not international issues. These claims have persisted from the founding of the ILO to the present day. Even if the western countries have accepted the enlargement of the Governing Body, we can see in the text that the different reform commissions have never accepted, since 1960, the establishment of a proportional electoral system for the members of the Governing Body. [...]