The humble aim of this paper is to attempt to make an exposition of the Marxists-Leninist thoughts on the historical forms of human community and the political organization of the society. The necessity of attempting this exposition can never be looked down upon especially when we consider the fact that, Marxism-Leninism as a whole system is never done outside of time and space. It sure pertains to humans and is therefore connected to their well being. Hence, there is the need to approach Marxism-Leninism from the vantage point of anthropological history and political order.
The exposition intended in this paper begins with an insight into the forms of human community; ranging from the pre-class society to the class-based society. Next in the sequence of this paper's concern is a description of the political organization of class society and the emergence of the state. The third part of the paper makes a description of the particular epoch in which the primary text that is the basis of this paper, was written. This paper comes to its conclusion after a prognosis in terms of the future of nations is made in the third part of this paper.
Before the advent of the class society, human beings had lived in a classless society. The clan and the tribe are the characteristic units of ancient society while the political state is the form characteristic of the class society. The Marxists Leninist identified three forms of human community. These include, the clan and tribal community, which constitute the pre-class society,, nationality and nation. These forms of human community were influenced by the means of production of that era. It is important to note that the doctrine that the political bond was the first which held men together in group find no support in either history or psychology.
[...] With the production experiences, the rudiment of culture were accumulated and language was equally perfected.[5] The growth of contradictions, according to the Marxists-Leninists, in the clan-tribe organization will ultimately lead to the supplanting of this form of community by a new society, the class society. The formation of clans into tribes, the Marxists-Leninists noted, had already initiated the splitting up of the united multi-functional community into a new form of human community in the class society.[6] This new community is known as the Nationality Class Society: Nationality and Nations There were some factors which necessitated the coming into being of the nationality. [...]
[...] Hence, the nation, according to the Marxists-Leninists, a stable community of people bound together by a common language, common territory, community of economic life and certain peculiarities of social psychology, as expressed in the specific features of the culture of the given people, which distinguishes its culture from that of other peoples.'[9] Consequently, according to the Marxists-Leninists, the clan-tribal community, nationality and the nation constitute the three forms of human community, which genetically precedes each other and may in actual history be found side by side interacting. [...]
[...] However, due to the change in the types and forms of private property, and its antecedent effects on the forms of class structure and modes of exploitation, there is equally effected, different political relations, institutions, beliefs, in a word, different political organization corresponding to different developmental periods. The Marxists-Leninists identified five different developmental epochs within the class society and their corresponding forms of political relations, beliefs or, in a word, political organizations. These epochs include slave-owning society, feudal, capitalist, socialist and communist societies. [...]
[...] However, there will be a time when the contradictory interests will conflict and thus, lead to a struggle between the working class and the bourgeoisie class, and the eventual winning of power by the working class. The winning of power by the working class or proletarians creates a new type of political organization of society needed for building socialism and communism. The basis of this organization is, in the Marxists-Leninists' words, the state of the dictatorship of the proletariat. This is essential for the proletarians for resisting and defeating exploitation. [...]
[...] CONCLUSION This paper which is intended to be an exposition of Marxist-Leninist thoughts on the historical forms of human community and the political organization of the society opened with the examination of the various forms of human community as expressed in the primeval pre-class or classless system; wherein the society evolves from the clan groupings to the tribal connections. The frontiers of economic activities are widened over time in the pre-class; thereby creating a new form of social organization: the nationality and nation. [...]
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