The creation of Lebanon-1861-1915: The autonomous province of Lebanon is created as a result of intervention by European powers seeking to end the killings that have shaken the region. It was to be headed by a governor, a Christian Ottoman subject, under the supervision of European consuls. A central advisory board, composed mostly of Christians, was also set up in proportion to the different kinds of communities.
1920: Shortly after World War I, France obtained a mandate from the League of the Syrian region of the Levant. The kingdom of Syria was proclaimed, while reserving the Mount Lebanon area's autonomous status.Two competing nationalist movements for independence occur simultaneously - one of Syria, the other of Lebanon. The French governor defeated the Syrian nationalists in 1920 and proclaimed the State of Greater Lebanon and its fixed borders.
France grants independence to Lebanon in 1943 -Lebanon is a narrow strip of land bordered by the Mediterranean Sea with about 240 km of coastline. It is along 250 km and with a width varying from 25 to 60 km. If the mountain occupies much of Lebanon, its coast, interspersed with rocky headlands supports the installation of port. In addition, the high interior plain of the Bekaa, due to its excellent irrigation has been the breadbasket of the region since ancient times. Water, whether from sea or rivers (the river Orontes and the Litani River) is another wealth of Lebanon that is coveted by many of its neighbors.
We can add an economic point of view that Lebanon is a flag of convenience, but also in many ways a tax haven. Lebanon is the height of its culture, with its 17 denominations and geographic diversity. In addition, Lebanon is one of the great witnesses of the history of mankind: it has been occupied for centuries by various civilizations. But that's what also makes it a space of political tension and religious importance.
Christianity in Lebanon arrived between the first century and the seventh century. Islam arrived in the seventh century at a time when an incredible lack of culture arose, it is adopted by the different peoples and local tribes in search of existential philosophies
Today it is estimated that there are in Lebanon 40% Christian and 60% Muslims, but these figures are not official since there has been no census since the the times of French protectorate.
Moreover, these figures do not include the population living outside of Lebanon, largely Christian in North America, and South Europe, Shias in Africa and Sunnis in the Persian Gulf countries and Australia. Moreover, this figure does not include some 400,000 Palestinian refugees in Lebanon since 1948.There is also in Lebanon a very small Jewish community (Yezidi) in 2000, the number of Jews registered in the Lebanese civil status is 5956.
The variety of languages in Lebanon is the perfect example of this diversity. We have the Italian language which was first implanted in the Lebanese ports, under the influence of commercial republics of Venice and Genoa.
Tags : Lebanese culture, League of the Syrian region of the Levant, Greater Lebanon
[...] The Civil War lasted fifteen years, from 1975 to 1990. The conflict dynamics affect all neighboring countries, leaving Lebanon (economy, infrastructure and cities) in a very difficult situation. ¬ The role of Syria It was the intervention of the Arab League, and especially the Syrian army, which contributes to a lull in 1976. Despite numerous cease-fire in Lebanon will still plagued by deep rifts which will continue during the 80s Until well after the end of the war, the Syrian government has control limits the sovereignty of the Lebanese government on its own territory. [...]
[...] The popularity of the organization grew in Lebanon and throughout the Arab world. Even the authorities of Egypt, Jordan and Saudi Arabia have adopted a discourse favorable to the organization. Hezbollah is one of the trump cards of Lebanese politics, he won a large number of seats in the last local elections (May 2004), it has proven its extensive welfare system has increased its popularity among Lebanese Shiites despite its links and ideas pro-Syrian. ¬ The chance of a political role The strength of the radical Shiite movement could result radicalize the views of religious groups. [...]
[...] The United States then decided to ally with Syria; Lebanon is at stake in this alliance. Launched in 1975, the war in Lebanon and the mixed regional and international issues: Syria, supported in its action by the United States, targeting military and political elimination of the Christian community, for its part Russia to fight in context of Cold War supported the PLO decomposed into several militias and using southern Lebanon as a base for terrorist actions, Israel was trying to create a Christian state may be his protection; Iran tried on him influences play to support the creation of an Islamic state. [...]
[...] The crisis in Lebanon Syria offers a chance to implement his will to power. Taking up in this crisis, Syria became ipso facto a regional power. Master only actor in the Lebanese who at the time included several: the Lebanese scene itself, itself religiously fragmented; scene Palestinian PLO (mainly Beirut and South), and finally the only hot scene of conflict Israel / Palestine (Israel / South Lebanon). Lebanon was held into every scene and de facto position at regional level. [...]
[...] Joseph Samaha, the daily Al-Safir said that "We have not seen the emergence of a new sense of national unity, but rather to parallel processes of the different communities that have created the optical illusion of unit. And when the horizon of action is not citizenship, but a system based on a sectarian balance, it is normal that the most numerous communities, including Shiites and Sunnis, demanding a greater share of power. ¬ Hopes One may wonder about changes in the political scene in Lebanon. [...]
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