Policy recommendation, findings, research linterature, limitation, future studies, problem statement, four literatures, patrol, body camera, Body-Worn Cameras, policing, police activities, BWC technology, accountability, offender's action
One major problem hindering law enforcement from delivering effective services is police brutality that goes unnoticed and the use of force unnecessarily to target the minority and arrest and kill some of them. With the adoption of the BWC, it was expected that it would ensure transparency in dealing with the public and hold police officers accountable for their acts, since the cameras could provide video recordings of the police while on duty. With such recordings, the investigation can easily work on public complaints and ensure that the culprits are prosecuted in the US courts.
[...] Additionally, the current cases of police shootings, especially during Covid-19, need to be mentioned clearly, thus needing more future study. This study needs future evaluation of more studies and experiments on the area of police using force, as many studies differ from this finding. In the next article, Groff et al. (2020), the findings revealed that unlike in the experiment done by Huff et al. (2020), the police use of force reduced significantly by 38.5% compared to the previous year. [...]
[...] Second in the rank is Groff et al. (2020), who applied the quasi-experimental approach in their data collection and analysis. Despite collecting data from a wide area (district), this experiment still needs to be strong enough to match the randomized method, but it is still significant as its findings contributed to understanding how BWC has influenced the proactive activities of the police officers. The third in the rank is Hughes et al. (2020), which presents a correlational design that analyses the already existing data from the LMPD and the US Census Bureau. [...]
[...] (2020). A randomized controlled trial of body-worn camera activation's impact on individual incidents' outcomes. Journal of experimental criminology, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-020-09448-5 Hughes, T. W., Campbell, B. A., & Schaefer, B. P. (2020). The influence of body-worn cameras, minority threat, and place on police activity. Journal of community psychology, 48(1), 68-85. 10.1002/jcop.22299 Wright, J. E., & Headley, A. [...]
[...] References Boivin, R., Poirier, B., & D'Elia, M. (2022). Activate compliance: A multilevel study of factors associated with activation of body-worn cameras. Criminal justice review, 47(1), 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016820988327 Groff, E. R., Haberman, C., & Wood, J. D. (2020). The effects of body-worn cameras on police-citizen encounters and police activity: Evaluation of a pilot implementation in Philadelphia, PA. Journal of experimental criminology, 16, 463-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-019-09383-0 Huff, J., Katz, C. M., & Hedberg, E. C. [...]
[...] With areas of high concentration of Blacks, the officers still had strong activity in such areas. They were emphasizing the serious felonies more than the fewer crimes and that they were less concerned with the presence of cameras monitoring them. In regards to the place theory, the study revealed that the police heightened their proactive policing in areas that seemed to lack informal social order, thus prone to a high rate of crime. Ultimately, with the presence of BWC, the overall proactive policing reduced slightly in dealing with the minority and those in high crime areas. [...]
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