On November 11, 2007, a young Spaniard was killed in a clash that pitted anti-fascist militants and a neo-Nazi youth group affiliated with the Spanish National Democracy. On October 21, 2007, the UDC party strengthened its position as the leading political force in Switzerland. This party, claiming the conservative right, is perceived by some scholars and journalists as a party to the ED and was openly xenophobic about the populist tendencies.
These two events highlight the dual aspect of the classical ED in Europe: between organized parties with electoral strategy definite minority factions and violence around these parties. But the recent development of these political parties was able to collect a share of more electorate, and led to reconsiderations of the dynamics of the extreme right.
A "movement" is defined as a group of people who aspire to a change of an artistic, or social one. The "extreme right" is a set of movements and political parties that defend the values and ideas classified as extreme of the political spectrum. The problem is: "Are the conditions that favored the emergence of extreme right movements considering the phenomenon in general or do they dwell on the specifics of each political system?"
The modernization and adaptation of extreme right parties in Europe, the source of their ascent election should not mask the dissimilarity and the fragility of these parties.
The far right has experienced three successive waves. First, it is a wave of nostalgic neo-fascist parties in Italy and Germany (eg, Italian Social Movement and SRP party in Germany) and then a second wave in the years 1950-1960 with more parties out with the past (eg the Poujadism or German National Democratic Party, NDP) and finally the third wave from Scandinavia and Western Europe with national parties and populists that became widespread throughout Europe.
However, it should be noted that some right-wing parties like the FN and the FPO (Austrian Freedom Party) have long been victims of stigma because of the excesses of authoritarian and totalitarian regimes of the year 1930-40. In addition to the "ephemeral outbreaks" as Poujadism or Tixier-Vignancour (1962, 5% of the vote), the French extreme right is between low scores and failure to appear, and that until 1984 (which is equal to a turning point for the FN). Similarly, in Austria, the FPO will remain until the mid-1980s in the shadow of the duopoly of the SPO - OVP (Austrian parties).
Tags: Europe; movements of the extreme right; emergence of extreme right movements; modernization and adaptation of the extreme right parties;
[...] Perrineau article "The rise of the extreme right in Europe" in Studies, 2002/6 - Volume 397 - Electoral Atlas, edited by P. Perrineau, presses the National Foundation of Political Science, Paris (2007), pp 64-67. - Reportage Arte "The growing strength of the far right in Europe" on the show Zoom Europa, released Wednesday, Nov - Interview P. Perrineau (audio format): http://www.touteleurope.fr/fr/observatoire europe/europe-en- idees/entretiens/pascal perrineau.html. - Interview with Jean-Yves Camus: http://tf1.lci.fr/infos/monde/europe/ -breakthrough-extreme- right-europe-phenomenon-bottom-.html - Dossier "On the far right, all "In Courrier International, No week of October 12 to 18. [...]
[...] - In addition, the exercise of power for an anti-party system is not it ironic? The neutralization of the FPO, which had access to power between 1999 and 2002, is the witness. - A risk for the extreme right is the possibility of a wave of moderation as the AN G. Fini who has refocused towards the center right. - In addition, electoral volatility of these parties harm them from one election to another. They are struggling with the de-segmentation of the electorate, to maintain stable performance during the elections (eg. [...]
[...] - Neo-Nazis or nostalgic for a bygone era splinter groups are a reality. Often affiliated with far-right parties the NDP and the Kamerad), they organize groups that take the form of political demonstrations, concerts, and perpetuate "myths of the past" through leafleting, d posters and propaganda organized especially through music and records. But these are minority groups, in the shadow of structured major political parties. - Extreme right parties are becoming major political forces and now have access to power: - It is indeed the case with the UDC Blocher is the leading political force in Switzerland; Vlaams Belang is the third in Belgium; in Italy in 1994, Berlusconi has partnered with the National Allianze Fini and Bossi of the Northern League; FN was the 2nd round in 2002; Poland with the Brothers K. [...]
[...] Blocher has strengthened its position as the leading Swiss political force. This party, claiming the conservative right, is considered by some scholars and journalists as ED party populist and xenophobic tendencies openly displayed. ■ Both events highlight the classic double face of ED in Europe: between organized parties with a clear electoral strategy and minority factions violent orbiting these parties. But the recent development of these political parties can collect a share of more and more of the electorate leads to reconsiderations of the far-right dynamic. [...]
[...] - • The far right has had three successive waves. First, it is a 1st wave of neo-fascist parties nostalgic Italy and Germany (eg Italian Social Movement and SRP party in Germany.) then a second wave in 1950-60 with parties increasingly break with the past (eg. Poujadism or German National Democratic Party, NDP); and finally the third wave from Scandinavia and Western Europe with populist national parties and will spread throughout Europe. • However, it should be noted that some far-right parties like the FN and FPO (Austrian Freedom Party) have long been victims of a discredited because of the drift of authoritarian and totalitarian regimes the years 1930-1940. [...]
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