Haiti briefing note and building mission solution : state of the country and developments of solutions

Sabrina B.

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Haiti briefing note and building mission solution : state of the country and developments of solutions

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Themes

Haiti, state of a country, elections, fraud, Hurricane Matthew, Jovenel Moïse, democracy, instability of the state, insecurity, NGO Non-governmental organization, UN United Nations, criminal justice system, illiteracy, violence against women, homophobia, child labor, MINUSTAH Mission of the United Nations of Stabilization in Haiti, UNICEF, Doctors without Borders, healthcare

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Abstract

In October 2015, elections were deferred indefinitely due to allegations of fraud. The new elections were further postponed due to Hurricane Matthew and finally took place in November 2016, Jovenel Moïse won 56% of the vote. There was a holding of an electoral tribunal to conduct a verification process and confirmed Moïse's victory in January (because of fraud allegations made by opponents). Moïse was sworn in on February 7, 2017, but this election is not the sign of an improvement of democratic practices and of a strong state but another illustration of a root problem in Haiti, the instability of the country and especially of the Haitian State.

Overview of the Current State: Politic and Economic Context of the Country
1. Issues by Sector
2. Focus on Development Policies
What has been done?
Two main actors of the failure: the NGO and the State

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[...] Once again, authorities had failed to assist many of the thousand individuals still living in displacement camps (makeshifts) since the 2010 earthquake (numbers change according to different sources) in resettling or returning to their places of origin. The country's most vulnerable communities continue to face environmental risks, such as widespread deforestation, erosion, pollution from industry, limited access to safe water and sanitation, illiteracy, violence or cholera outbreak. (Since its introduction by UN peacekeepers (admitted after investigations) in 2010, cholera has claimed more than 9,500 lives and infected more than 800,000 people. [...]

[...] The current problem of these NGOs is that their project needs time to be efficient, but they have to account to donors and these projects do not retain the media attention who want immediate results, impossible in a country where everything needs to be rebuilt. Added to this the weakness of the State prevent coordinated actions to be efficient. Our NGO "BuiltBackBetter" is specialized in construction of buildings with withstand materials: In terms of reconstruction, United Nations, Government and NGO literally failed. For more than 8 years, no significant step in this field has been done, project is not well planned, either by government or by NGOs. [...]

[...] Haiti has been for decades in state of dependence with NGOs, bilateral, multilateral and other United Nations programs. (Rainhorn HAÏTI, Réinventer l'avenir - P Salignon, Chap.3 Haïti, république des ONG : l'empire humanitaire en question p185-197) What has been done? The MINUSTAH led by Brazil (before the MINUSTAH there were 5 missions since 1993 MINUHA, MANUH, MITNUH, MIPONUH): The united nation Stabilization Mission in Haiti :(mission established by the security council resolution 1542 replacing the Multinational Interim force (MIF) set up after President B. [...]

[...] This situation created a parallel state formed by NGOs and contributed to weakening a state which was already weak. A major part of NGOs work without taking into account local institutions. They follow their own agendas from the beginning of their interventions to the end, align with the country they come from and not to the MSPP. According to G. Thimoté chief executive of the Haitian Ministry of Health, they set up their own priorities (foreign countries and donors), excluding local institutions and representatives of the civil society (which is, however, active in Haiti). [...]

[...] Destruction from Hurricane Matthew has forced many people to migrate to Port-au-Prince, leaving women and children in temporary shelters and camps, where they are more vulnerable to abuse. Also lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons continue to suffer high levels of discrimination. Children's Domestic labor: Widespread use of child domestic workers known as restavèks continues. Restavèks, most of whom are girls, are sent from low-income households to live with wealthier families in the hope that they will be schooled and cared for in exchange for performing light chores. Though difficult to calculate, some estimates suggest that between 225,000 and 300,000 children work as restavèks. [...]

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