Assess the significance of the Watergate scandal
Thesis - 4 pages - Political science
Born in 1913 in California, Richard Nixon became the 37th president of the United States in 1968, after being governor of California in 1950, then vice-president at the side of Eisenhower. This republican president earned a big success at the beginning. He indeed managed to end the war in Vietnam...
The structure of the Terror locally and nationally
Thesis - 3 pages - International relations
The terror is often depicted as the most violent period of the French Revolution, and maybe of the French history. The terror is a regime set up by Robespierre and the Committee of public safety in the aftermath of the fall of the Girondins on the 2nd of June 1793. The committee of public safety...
Japan since 1945-left Asia to join the West?
Tutorials/exercises - 7 pages - International relations
In 1639, the rule of Tokugawa Iemitsu officially stated the edict of separation of Japan, establishing a long period of isolationism for the Nippon archipelago. During this period, every contact between Japan and the outside world was forbidden, and “every Japanese who would leave the...
Feminist perspectives : The contribution of Ann Ticker to the revision of the concept of security
Essay - 5 pages - Social, moral & civic education
As a searcher in international relations, Ann Tickner was firstly stroke by the law number of women working in the field. She then realised that not only were women excluded as researchers, but also as subjects of study. That was the first step of her carrier as one of the main feminist authors...
Regulations: Direct applicability and Direct effect
Essay - 8 pages - European union
Article 249 of the European Community Treaty provides that Regulations shall be directly applicable in all Member States. Does this mean that they are also necessarily directly effective? As notices Josephine Steiner , this question is of paramount concern to EC lawyers. If a provision of EEC law...
To what extent can we say Great Britain and the USA have a special relationship? What have the advantages and the disadvantages of the relationship been?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
Many signs in history show that the UK and the USA detain a privileged relation. As one of the first British colony to be liberated, the USA has always been related to Great Britain. These two countries share the same language, the same political tradition, the same religion. From the point of...
The relationship between the different types of suffrage and the creation (or construction) of democratic institutions in France from 1789 to 1870
Thesis - 5 pages - Political science
From 1789 to 1870 in France, not less than eight constitutions and twelve regimes followed one after another. France also experienced all types of suffrages, from the most restricted one of the Ancient Regime, to the universal manhood suffrage. This period is undeniably crucial to one who aims to...
What are the main milestones in the emergence of the Palestinian problem and the Arab-Israeli conflict? - published: 12/01/2009
Thesis - 5 pages - International relations
“In a higher phase of communist society ... after labour has become not only a means of life but life's prime want ... only then can ... society inscribe on its banners: from each according to his ability to each according to his needs!” (‘Critique of the Gotha Programme', p. 569)....
To what extent is Belgium a sui generis federation?
Thesis - 6 pages - Political science
Only 25 countries out of the 193 world-wide existing operate with a federal political system . If we look at the ones situated in Europe, there are very few: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Spain , and Switzerland. I am here interested in the newest one: Belgium. The reforms starting the...
NGOs: Representing civil society at the WTO?
Thesis - 7 pages - International relations
In 1994, the Marrakech Agreement established the World Trade Organization (WTO), one of many suprastate institutions that were created all along the 20th century. The purpose of this organization is to regulate all trade activities between its Member states, by providing “the common...
The "Memorial Laws"
Tutorials/exercises - 13 pages - Social, moral & civic education
In the first part of this paper, I give an account of a recent controversy that arose in France and in which historians played a significant role. This controversy involves a number of actors: the French government, which passed the so-called “memorial laws”; the interest groups that...
How to reform the UN security council and why?
Thesis - 3 pages - International relations
The Security Council is usually considered as the most important organ of the UNO. Primarily “responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security” , the Security Council has huge responsibilities and thus needs legitimacy to fulfill its mission. There has been a great...
The evolution of the closer relationship between the United States and India
Thesis - 14 pages - International relations
Since its independence and the end of the cold war, India has evolved considerably. Nowadays, India's power is rising like its influence on the international scene and the emergence of India as a major Asian power is a matter of fact. Indeed, thanks to diverse advantageous characteristics, India...
The role of the European Union in the democratisation of Central and Eastern Europe
Essay - 8 pages - International relations
In the concept of « consolidation of democracy », two aspects can lead to misunderstanding. Firstly, one can interrogate on the direction towards which such a consolidation is supposed to tend, as the word « consolidation » implies that democracy already exists, as something is bound to exist if...
Democracy in Nigeria at the dawn of the 21st century
Thesis - 6 pages - Political science
“« Democracy is good, » says Godwin Eweye, a video-store owner, « but Nigeria is not yet fully democratic. »” A few days only after Nigeria's 2003 parliamentary elections, this local comment illustrates the enduring difficulties that the country faces in its attempt to consolidate its...
What is the function of representation in Hobbes conception of political power as presented in the Leviathan?
Essay - 5 pages - Political science
The notion of Representation is a key feature in democratic regimes. More stable than the direct participation of the people into political life, it supposes that the institutions of the State reflect the composition and the wishes of the people. A simple look at the title of the book-the...
Why has the European Court of Justice been so central to the process of integration?
Thesis - 10 pages - European union
“Law is often still treated as if it were a separate field, clearly distinct from the economic or political spheres” . As the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has never been given a lot of media coverage, most of the time, its role in the integration process is either disregarded or...
The reasons for Britain's slow economic growth in the 1970s
Tutorials/exercises - 5 pages - Economy general
Britain already had experienced economic difficulties in the 1960s, but the concerns did not grow since the overall standard of living was keeping on rising. On the contrary, the 1970s proved to be much more worrying economically, as they presented a sluggish and lasting economic performance -the...
International organisations and sovereignty
Thesis - 3 pages - International relations
The French campaign for the referendum on the European Constitution has perfectly shown the fear of a loss of state sovereignty due to the European Union within the political elite as well as within the society. With the increase of international organisations, that can be defined as “a...
Social welfare system in transition: The reform of the pension system
Essay - 8 pages - Social, moral & civic education
The transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, from communism to democracy, and from unitary to a federal state had extreme consequences for the overall welfare of Russian population: including health services, social protection, and pension system. The Plan for Social and...
Is it conceivable that you might survive the death of your body?
Thesis - 4 pages - Social, moral & civic education
If somebody thinks thoroughly about life, he will naturally come across the thought of death. We see death as a natural consequence of life. Everyone is not agreeing on the meaning of death though. Some see it as the end of everything, a total annihilation; others see it as the start of a new...
Russian and French Economies
Thesis - 9 pages - Economy general
Russia is the biggest country in the world and is ranked 7th for its population with 143 million of inhabitants. The country is today one of the 10th most important economy in the world. In fact, Russia is situated at the 14th world rank concerning its total GDP for 2005 with approximately 763...
International relations, theory and practice: the Second Kashmir war
Thesis - 5 pages - International relations
I will deal in this essay with the Second Kashmir War, which was a war between India and Pakistan in 1965. We will see how we can interpret the causes and the origins of the war, and the way it was ended and solved. I chose to use two different theories to interpret the Indo-Pakistani war of...
Poverty in Russia
Essay - 12 pages - Economy general
Russia is the biggest country in the world and is also today one of the 10th most important economy in the world. In fact, Russia is situated at the 14th world rank concerning its total GDP for 2005 with approximately 763 000 million $, and at the 10th world rank concerning its PPP GDP for 2005...
How do the Federal Republic of Germany, Fifth Republic France and post-war Italy fulfil the criteria of Lijphart's 'majoritarian' and 'consensus' models of democracies?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
This essay will attempt to analyse the Federal Republic of Germany, Fifth Republic France and post-war Italy thanks to Lijphart's work Democracy (1984). Lijphart classifies the ‘majoritarian' model (or ‘Westminster model') and the ‘consensual model', in function of specific...
Politics is just show-business for ugly people
Essay - 5 pages - Social, moral & civic education
On October 7, 2003, the 2003 California recall resulted in Governor Gray Davis being recalled with 55.4% of the Yes vote. Arnold Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot. On this day, a large majority of the world population discovered,...
The budgetary implication of the European Union's May 2004 enlargement
Essay - 5 pages - European union
On 1 May 2004 Europe celebrates the entrance of ten new members in the European Union but behind the fireworks and the celebrations, Brussels has to adapt itself to this new generation of the European project. One of the most important points is the budgetary issue. History has shown that the...
The EU and the disintegration of Yugoslavia
Essay - 5 pages - European union
In order to better understand the disintegration of Yugoslavia at the beginning of the 1990s, it is interesting to recall that Yugoslavia was first created in 1918, and was dismembered firstly during World War Second. Then, it has been dismembered once more with the collapse of the USSR at the...
The EU Foreign Policy - Myth or Reality?
Essay - 21 pages - International relations
European Union (EU) critics are a very heterogenic group. Amongst them, there are people who think that this organization has too many responsibilities. Sometimes this disapproval is summarized in only one word: ‘Brussels', the city where several institutions of the EU and especially the...
To what extent is the British newspaper market is a pluralist market?
Essay - 5 pages - Social, moral & civic education
According to former MP William Hague, Britain 'has a great and vibrant tradition of a free and pluralist press and media, rich in its diversity and opinions.'(Hague; 2000). It is true that in the past decades, the British newspaper market has always been referred to as being effervescent...
