To what extent has Iran been a destabilising force in the Middle East since 1989?

Extract

[...] It provides for a ten-year limit on Iran's nuclear programme, enhanced monitoring measures and the lifting of sanctions. In practice, the provisions of the agreement have been implemented, with the resumption of IAEA monitoring but only a partial lifting of sanctions. Iran has been able to recover most of its foreign assets and resume oil and gas sales, enabling it to make major purchases of conventional weapons. On the other hand, foreign investment has not lived up to Iran's expectations, mainly because of investors' legal uncertainties vis-à-vis the US courts (which can prevent foreign companies from operating in the United States on the grounds that they have been operating in a country under US sanctions). [...]

[...] Curtis, G. E., & Hooglund, E. (2008). Iran: A Country Study: A Country Study. Government Printing Office. Ghattas, K. (2020). Black wave: Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the forty-year rivalry that unraveled culture, religion, and collective memory in the Middle East. Henry Holt and Company. Khan, A., & Mashwani, H. [...]

[...] Thus, to what extent has Iran been a destabilising force in the Middle East since 1989? In order to answer to this question, we analyze how the Iranian political system ensures the predominance of conservative clerics and strong security control over society in the region how Iran is a key regional player, historically engaged in a series of indirect confrontations with the United States and its allies and how the United States oscillates between negotiations and confrontations with Iran (III). [...]

[...] To what extent has Iran been a destabilising force in the Middle East since 1989? In a research article entitled "The challenge to Hegemonic Order, Stability and Balance in the Middle East; Opportunities for Iran and Russia", the researcher Alireza demonstrates that Iran has a major role to play in the stability of the Middle East, along with other countries such as Russia and Saudi Arabia. Indeed, the country is strategically well placed and geopolitically oriented in such a way that it can influence the balance of the region (Noori, 2020). [...]

[...] Iran, the Middle East, and international security. Ortado?u Etütleri, 27-39. Barzegar, K. (2010). Roles at Odds: The Roots of Increased Iran-US Tension in the Post-9/11 Middle East. Iranian review of foreign affairs, 85-114. Behrooz, M. (1991). Factionalism in Iran under Khomeini. Middle Eastern Studies, 597-614. [...]