Why did the Arab Spring take place in 2011?

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Why did the Arab Spring take place in 2011?

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Arab Spring, revolution, social crisis, economic crisis, inequalities, poverty, conflict, religion, civil war, social networks

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The 'Arab Spring' describes the series of anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in 2011. Sparked by events in Tunisia and Egypt, mass public demonstrations erupted in countries including Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, Syria and Algeria, each challenging long-time authoritarian rulers. While some nations underwent democratic transitions, others descended into civil wars and violence.

Accumulation of frustrations at the root of a major social crisis
1. Young people without hope in the face of a lack of opportunities
2. When economic exclusion fuels discontent
The trigger of hopelessness: the spark that set the region ablaze
1. The tragic immolation reveals a deep-seated unrest
2. The networks, a tool for the emancipation of youth in revolt

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[...] "The Arab Spring: Will it Lead to Democratic Transitions". Lesch, D. and Haas, M. (2012) The Arab Spring: Change and Resistance in the Middle East. Lynch, M. (2012). The Arab Uprising: The Unfinished Revolutions of the New Middle East. National Geographic (2019). "Arab Spring-facts and information". Robinson, K. and Merrow, W. (2020). "The Arab Spring at Ten Years: What's the Legacy of the Uprisings?". Council on Foreign Relations. [...]

[...] Why did the Arab Spring take place in 2011? "As the Tunisian revolutionary Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire in protest, little did we know this would spark protests across the entire Middle East" (Murphy 2013). The self-immolation of Bouazizi on December marked the beginning of a revolutionary wave known as the "Arab Spring" that engulfed numerous authoritarian regimes in the Middle East and North Africa in 2011. For decades, many Arab states had been ruled by ageing authoritarian leaders who had consolidated power and suppressed dissent. [...]

[...] Only the interplay between entrenched root causes, fluid catalysts, and one-off triggering events fully explains how and why unrest erupted when it did. Underneath, regimes faced unsustainable youth bulges, inequality, and economic malaise. Yet change required additional disruption through catalysts, whose identification analysts overlooked. Recognizing catalysts' role in priming disruption is key to comprehending and anticipating unrest, versus viewing multiple causes alone. The 2011 uprisings demonstrate the complexity of instability's drivers. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Ajami, F. (2012). "The Arab Spring at One: A Year of Living Dangerously". Al-Jazeera (date). The Arab Awakening. BBC News (2014). Arab Uprising. Britannica, T. E. [...]

[...] o. E. (2023). "Arab Spring". Britannica. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Change in the Middle East and North Africa. Cook, S. A. (2023). "Will Egypt Play a Role in Easing the Gaza War?". Foreign Affairs. Khalil, H. M. (2015). [...]

[...] By 2010, public discontent in the Arab world festered under mounting socioeconomic grievances and disenchantment with ossified authoritarian structures. The moment awaited a spark to ignite explosive change across the region. When economic exclusion fuels discontent Various longstanding socioeconomic grievances simmered under authoritarian regimes in the Arab world prior to 2011, igniting the revolutionary fervor. Demographic shifts intensified economic pressures as youth unemployment multiplied. Meanwhile, many lived in poverty amid entrenched inequality despite statesmen-enrichment at citizens' expense. Across the region, regimes failed to recuperate from the 2008 recession, declining to adjust prices proportionate to populations' purchasing power (Britannica, National Geographic). [...]

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