The foreign relations of Canada are by nature, very much centered upon its southern neighbor, the United States. This is true for both trade and foreign policy considerations. In addition, Canadian governments have also had active relations with many other nations. These relationships have been mostly but not exclusively via multilateral organizations such as the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations, NATO and La Francophonie.
While Canada has very often sided with Great Britain and the United States in its foreign policy, it has attempted to guard a degree of autonomy in foreign affairs as exhibited in the Chanak Crisis of 1922-23 and in the Canadian failure to support the United States in the Iraq War in 2003. Even still, Canada remains a critical component in the West as a founding and continuing member of NATO and a combatant in the War on Terror with its continued commitment to the fight in Afghanistan
[...] Like Canada, the Canadian experience is mirrored in the constitutions of fifteen otherwise independent countries in the Commonwealth of Nations. The Constitution Act (British North America Act) of 1867 vests all executive powers in actuality in this sovereign, although this executive usually defers to the elected prime minister. However, this is not always the case. Outside of these normal executive powers the Queen has reserve powers that can be exercised by her without approval of any branch of the Canadian government. [...]
[...] Canadian policy at the crossroads: Protecting Canada's independence in the age of globalization Executive Summary: The foreign relations of Canada are by nature, very much centered upon its southern neighbor, the United States. This is true for both trade and foreign policy considerations. In addition, Canadian governments have also had active relations with many other nations. These relationships have been mostly but not exclusively via multilateral organizations such as the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations, NATO and La Francophonie. [...]
[...] His focus was to steer an independent foreign policy from Britain. In March 1936, as Germany rearmed the Rhineland, he informed Britain that Canada would remain neutral. At an Imperial Conference of all the Dominion Prime Ministers in London in June 1937, he indicated to British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain that only if Germany directly attacked Britain would Canada intervene to defend the Crown. During 1937, Mackenzie King met with Hitler in Germany, the only North American head of government to meet directly with the German dictator. [...]
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