In 2007, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in emerging countries was over 50% of global GDP. Today, the world is divided into four categories of countries: rich countries, those with average income and rapid growth, those with average income and slow growth, and poor countries. Emerging markets represent the second category. These are countries whose GDP and per capita is lower than that of the developed countries but have seen rapid economic growth and investment opportunities. Their standard of living and economic structures increasingly converge towards those of developed countries. The emerging concept was born in the 1980s with the development of stock markets in developing countries.
Despite having have common characteristics such as structural, legal and institutional renewal, change of agricultural production to industrial-type opening to the world market for products and services, and international capital flows, the countries themselves are still very heterogeneous
[...] Understanding Emerging The concept of emerging markets includes countries that have initiated a major industrial take-off from the 1960s. There are no official lists of incorporated economies, which by their development strategy, went through a phase of rapid industrialization. The acronym BRIC was coined to refer to four key emerging countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China) that will play an important role in the global economy. Sometimes Mexico was added to this group (BRICM), at other times, or South Africa ( BRICS). [...]
[...] The role of emerging countries in world geography Emerging markets are changing the world geography. They have positive and negative influences (pollution, high competitiveness) on the rest of the world. The proliferation of financial flows has revealed a new form of competitiveness. Emerging economies are driving global growth and help address inflation. The liquidity of these countries can assist Western banks and finance growth in sub-Saharan supporting economic activity and employment (purchase of capital equipment). The financial sums they have given them a determining influence on international financial markets. [...]
[...] The Lisbon strategy of making the EU "the knowledge economy the most competitive in the world, is at the heart of a system trying to cope with stiff competition from emerging countries. According to traditional theory of international trade, a country specializes in products for which it has a "comparative advantage" attributable to natural resources, labor input, capital and technology. The implementation of the Lisbon strategy of more open international markets using the following logic: even if the Western markets are flooded with cheap goods, especially from China, the European Union countries hope to export their own products in exchange and also high-tech services. [...]
[...] The spread of education in emerging countries participated in the phenomenon of industrialization in these countries, which now have trained manpower. The emerging countries do not just provide cheap labor but also invest in research efforts and innovations, which continue to rise globally, and optimize their resources. In tandem with the export effort, the strategy called "lift the die" is such that developing countries tend to diversify and produce in sectors with higher added value, thanks to the appropriation of technology from developed countries, financed by capital accumulation. [...]
[...] "It would not be fruitful as European countries, Japan, the United States, and Canada accept reductions that are economically disadvantageous while more than five billion inhabitants of other countries would continue as before," said Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. The measures imposed on emerging economies are a hindrance to their production. Industrialized countries agree that the conditions of production must respect the environment for each state. Adequate attention to the working condition of employees, are among the demands made of emerging countries. These measures are restrictive and tend to oppose the emerging countries. However, these measures are important because if the emerging [...]
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