The World Trade Organization succeeded the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1995. It aims to dismantle trade barriers and harmonize trade rules to allow all states to benefit from global trade and promote their growth. While at first the advent of the WTO was accompanied by a wave of optimism, it must be admitted that modern challenges, both internal and external, manifest themselves vigorously. Indeed, from a media point of view, the challenge of many associations grouped under the banner of the alter-globalization movement is becoming more noticeable.
These associations focus on the negative effects of globalization on employment, environment and social conditions of work. From a domestic perspective, the South called for more open markets in the North for some of its products which remain outside the scope of existing agreements. Particular mention is made of agricultural products.
Since the Doha summit, trade talks have stalled. The WTO appears to some as an organization in crisis. The disagreements concern both the playing field and the gains from international trade. In the presence of a large number of actors, it becomes increasingly difficult to reach a consensus.
The WTO seems to be a victim of its success. With the rapid growth of trade and the multiplicity of actors, consensus becomes increasingly difficult to achieve. This leads to deadlocks in negotiations. However, the attractiveness of the WTO remains strong. The objective of this assignment is to show whether or not the WTO is really in crisis and if this could lead to its demise.
To do this, we propose to examine that despite many problems, the WTO is an institution that continues to function. We will focus on key issues that limit the activities of this organization in promoting trade and prosperity worldwide.
Tags: WTO policies, Doha summit, Disagreements within the WTO
[...] The beef hormone case was the first dispute in the WTO because it referred to sanitary and phytosanitary standards. Currently, there are ongoing disputes between the U.S. and the European Union and, particularly concerning GMOs. The United States considers that the European policy introduced as a protectionist barrier activation processes of growth for the animals are allowed. Accordingly, the U.S. has created a panel that concluded the non-hazardous nature of hormone-treated meat. The Appellate Body ruled along the same direction. [...]
[...] The sectoral, negotiations amplify this difficulty. The WTO does not have the means to ensure effective regulation of trade But again, the WTO does not have the means to ensure effective regulation of world trade. It is unprepared for the strategies of multinationals, no jurisdiction is required to consider the trade disruptions caused by the movements of exchange rates , or face the dumping practiced by certain social states. In fact, by limiting itself to its initial skills, it has often forgotten its purpose: promoting growth, development and full employment. [...]
[...] If the report shows that there are really harmful effects to the nation while the country for 15 months to comply. In this case where the country does not comply, a mutually agreed solution has been criticized by third countries considered that the outcome could affect their interests. Since its implementation, the number of cases handled by the WTO had increased steadily. Thus, the procedure for dispute settlement, despite its shortcomings and criticisms which it had faced, has proved quite effective. [...]
[...] On the other, the WTO seems to have major institutional deficiencies. Finally, the WTO does not seem to have some means to fulfill its role properly. The Doha round of negotiations did not result The objective of facilitating international trade through multilateral negotiations is now clearly blocked. Negotiations initiated in Doha in November 2001 should have been completed on 1 January 2005. The difficulties of the WTO have been revealed at the conference in Cancun in 2003.The opposition between two categories of membership of the WTO has been materialized by the emergence of a 'block', consisting of developing countries (Brazil, China, Argentina, India).These countries have decided to unite to challenge decisions made by developed countries. [...]
[...] Later we will focus on key issues that limit the action of this organization in the promotion of trade and prosperity internationally The WTO is an organization which works in spite of the many problems it faces The attractiveness of the WTO remains strong The WTO has today 153 countries which are responsible for more than 95% of world trade. Its attractiveness despite the mentioned problems remains high. The recent accessions of China, Russia or Vietnam show that the major countries offering alternative models of capitalism have been converted to free trade organized through the WTO. [...]
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