In the past century, it has been seen that the consumption of non-renewable sources of energy has caused more environmental damage than any other human activity. Electricity generated from fossil fuels such as coal and crude oil has led to high concentrations of harmful gases in the atmosphere. This has in turn led to many problems being faced today such as ozone depletion and global warming. Therefore, alternative sources of energy have become very important and relevant to today's world. These sources, such as the sun and wind, can never be exhausted and therefore are called Renewable. They cause fewer emissions and hence reduce chemical, radioactive, and thermal pollution. They stand out as a viable source of clean and limitless energy. These are also known as Non-Conventional sources of energy.
[...] Wind is called a renewable energy source because the wind will blow as long as the sun shines. Today, wind energy is mainly used to generate electricity a. WORKING OF WIND MILLS: Generally from a long time, windmills are used conventionally to produce electricity from wind. Wind machines use blades to collect the wind's kinetic energy. Windmills work because they slow down the speed of the wind. The wind flows over the airfoil shaped blades causing lift, like the effect on airplane wings, causing them to turn. [...]
[...] It is one of the oldest sources of energy and was used thousands of years ago to turn a paddle wheel for purposes such as grinding grain. Today worldwide, hydropower plants produce about 24 percent of the world's electricity and supply more than 1 billion people with power. WORKING OF HYDRO POWER PLANT: Mechanical energy is derived by directing, harnessing, or channeling moving water. The amount of available energy in moving water is determined by its flow or fall. Most hydropower plants rely on a dam that holds back water, creating a large reservoir. [...]
[...] Hydropower plants can cause low dissolved oxygen levels in the water, a problem that is harmful to riparian habitats and is addressed using various aeration techniques, which oxygenate the water. Maintaining minimum flows of water downstream of a hydropower installation is also critical for the survival of riparian habitats. CONCLUSION: As the current non renewable energy sources are fast depleting, there is no other way but to depend on renewable sources to meet our energy demands in the future These are [...]
[...] PHOTO VOLTAIC CELLS: Photovoltaic energy is the conversion of sunlight into electricity through a Photovoltaic cell, commonly called as a Solar cell. A photovoltaic cell is a non-mechanical device usually made from silicon alloys. The PV cell was discovered in 1954 by Bell Telephone researchers. The simplest photovoltaic systems power many of the small calculators and wristwatches used everyday. More complicated systems provide electricity to pump water, power communications equipment, and even provide electricity to household. WORKING: Sunlight is composed of particles of solar energy called as Photons. [...]
[...] Conversion from sunlight to electricity is direct, so that bulky mechanical generator systems are unnecessary The modular characteristic of photovoltaic energy allows arrays to be installed quickly and in any required size The environmental impact of a PV system is minimal, requiring no water for system cooling and no by-products are generated. DRAWBACKS: Photovoltaic cells, like batteries, can generate only Direct current which is generally used for small loads (electronic equipment). Therefore, it must be converted to alternating current using inverters, solid- state devices that convert DC power to AC GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: The heat energy present inside the earth, which is released during a volcanic eruption called as Geothermal energy, can be collected. [...]
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