Human consciousness can be apprehended only from within as a concrete experience constantly present in all of us, it is not yet possible to give an objective definition. This is not something outside us that we can identify and analyze in neutrality, it necessarily refers us to a subjective experience of the most obvious and immediate. The etymology of the Latin word scientia cum means "with knowledge" that underscores the ability of the human mind that I am, if not always, at least in most cases this myself and my activities when I think and act.
But is that enough to make consciousness a characteristic of the man? Animals show through their behavior, that they are also experiencing this self-presence and the world. Do not they have an immediate awareness of what happens in them and off them with feelings and perceptions? The contemporary ethnologists do not question the existence of intelligence and a form of animal subjectivity. Should we really say that we can put on the same level of human consciousness and animal? The reflection is it not the hallmark of human consciousness?
[...] The traditional opposition between human consciousness and the instinctive life of the animal is in question. For Buytendijk, the behavior of the animal provides access to its subjectivity. The Dutch psychologist said it is probably unrealistic to look for definitive and explicit criteria to highlight the existence of consciousness in animals. It does not even draft such a field of science. [ . ] But these difficulties in defining consciousness in animals no way exclude the presence of intelligence, the agency, which is not superimposed on that of the machine. [...]
[...] Quite the contrary, the state of consciousness accompanied by an opening problem on itself and the world throws human existence in the questioning and the search for meaning. Being yourself and being in the world does not come naturally to the subject. Consciousness does not merely accompany the thoughts and actions in a relationship of proximity; it paradoxically brought a distancing between us and ourselves, we and the world. We and the original experience of a split or separation in which we are simply in the world, a thing among things, living among the living but we exist before the world. [...]
[...] The cogito is not the discovery of personal identity but of human essence. The of the cogito is not a given psychological or social: Mr. etc . It means the identity and continuity of thinking subject through its diverse representations. B Cartesian dualism. But who am I am certainly me am, I exist"? But I know something. I'm sure my life is that of my thoughts, as long as I think. am therefore, precisely speaking, a thing that thinks, that is to say consciousness because" the name of thought, I mean everything that is in us so that we are aware and provided that we realize it, so not only understanding, willing, imagining, but also feel the same thing here that thinking”[2]. [...]
[...] While modern philosophy does not speak exactly of mind but consciousness remains a uniquely human phenomenon independently, founding the freedom and knowledge of the subject. But it is precisely this freedom of subject and the possibility of being able to know who can prove to be problematic. First, because it could be that our consciousness is the seat of all our illusions, on the other hand, because every man to share that remains obscure to himself. Trying to set any price man by his conscience as if it were a stable unit and the body of ultimate truth is not admitting a philosophical presupposition without question? [...]
[...] This is the subject that there can be objective knowledge because all truth comes from human reason through God alone guarantees the existence of reality. The subjective experience of the cogito is the unshakable foundation from which thought will be able to methodically rebuild an absolute knowledge. Deep doubts, Descartes succeeds in the first conviction: that of think, therefore I am." The certainty that I think and my life are inseparable and simultaneous. I am a conscious being unique and separate from my environment capable of reflection and introspection. [...]
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