Papanicolaou test (pap test, pap smear)[1]is a microscopic examination of cell taken from the cervix (the lower, narrow end of the uterus) to detect cancer, abnormalities that may cause cancer of cervix and noncancerous conditions like infection and inflammation..[1]
Papanicolaou test was named after its inventor, Dr George Nicholas Papanicolaou([2]13/05/1883 – 18/02/1962[2]). [3]In 1928, Dr Papanicolaou presented his finding in the paper, “New Cancer Diagnosis”. In his finding, uterine cancer can be diagnosed by means of vaginal smear.
In 1939, the collaboration between Dr Papanicolaou and his college, Dr Herbert Traut, would validate and scientifically prove the potential of the vaginal smear and involved the taking of regular of all vaginal smear of all women patients at Cornell's Hospital. Their study provided the basis of the book “Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer by the vaginal smear”(published in 1943) which describes the process of preparing a cervical smear and the cytological changes that are seen as cervical cell change from normal to pre-cancerous, to cancer[3].
[...] [3]In 1928, Dr Papanicolaou presented his finding in the paper, Cancer Diagnosis”. In his finding, uterine cancer can be diagnosed by means of vaginal smear. In 1939, the collaboration between Dr Papanicolaou and his college, Dr Herbert Traut, would validate and scientifically prove the potential of the vaginal smear and involved the taking of regular of all vaginal smear of all women patients at Cornell's Hospital. Their study provided the basis of the book “Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer by the vaginal smear”(published in 1943) which describes the process of preparing a cervical smear and the cytological changes that are seen as cervical cell change from normal to pre-cancerous, to cancer[3]. [...]
[...] Like ASC, AGC do not appear normal and doctors are still uncertain about which changes of cells. Next is AIS which is endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ. Precancerous cells can be found in glandular tissue. LSIL is low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (means early changes in size and shape of cells) which is caused by HPV infection. Though HSIL(which have higher risk of invasion cancer) are still squamous intraepithelial lesion, it is high-grade (more marked changes of size and shape of precancerous cell).That means abnormalities look very different from other cells, unlike LSIL. [...]
[...] A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. New England Journal of Medicine 2002; 347(21):1645–1651.) Available from: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Detection/Pap-test George Papanicolaou: Inventor of the pap smear. Available from: http://www.essortment.com/all/uterinecancerp_ruxf.htm History of the Pap Smear Screening Test Dr. George Papanicolaou. Available from: http://www.hurtbyadoctor.com/Cervical-Cancer-History-Pap-Smear-Test-George- Papanicolaou.html Pap test (Papanicolaou smear)_Aetna InteliHealth (Medical content reviewed by the faculty of the Harvard Medical School). Available from: http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/23944.html Pap Smear The women's health resource_ on the web since 1997. [...]
[...] If the result is abnormal, the physicians may repeat the test. This make cells change in the cervix will go away without treatment. If women have ASC-US, estrogen scream will be applied to the cervix for few weeks because the cells change are caused by low hormones. Otherwise, if the results show ASC-H, LSIL or HSIL, the physician will use an instrument like a microscope called colposcope to finds abnormalities, then the physicians may perform endocervical curettage (involves scraping cells from inside endocervical canal with a curette) or biopsy (the removed of cells or tissues form abnormal area). [...]
APA Style reference
For your bibliographyOnline reading
with our online readerContent validated
by our reading committee
