Council of Europe , ARM Chapel
Julie Ringelheim also regrets the lack of definition in the Convention. The supervisory bodies have refused to broad interpretation But since large denominations, atypical movements benefit. No international convention gives.
Moreover, faced with this difficulty, the Strasbourg Court was content to assume that it was "a religion or belief": ARM Chapel against the UK on 14 July 1987. It is required, all the same, in an inadmissibility decision, that religion is "identifiable" X c. UK 1977. It should, in particular, establish facts proving the existence of religion "Wicca".
Similarly it is necessary to define the concept of "sectarian aberrations". This implies a radical alternative ideology, exclusive and intolerant. Its structure is authoritarian and autocratic. On the other hand, is made an exclusive interpretation of the world by suspicion and demonization. Its goal is the transformation of people in a kind of standardizing modeling. It also uses the multiplication of promises and assurances by exploiting anxieties, fears and weaknesses.
[...] In Europe, various measures are taken by the Council of Europe or by the European Parliament The intervention of Jean-Pierre Jougla (as part of a contribution to the study day of INGOs, Council of Europe of 28 June 2007) focuses on the confusion between cult and religion. The commenter confused sect and religion is the error behind which cults take refuge. "Religion is one of the masks adopted by sects". It should not be limited to the religious phenomenon to grasp the whole meaning. To cite this speaker, new religious movements are "new totalitarian movements." The concept of "cultic drift" must be understood "in the most open sense of ideologies, practices or essentially new age inspiration can drift towards a technical sectarian form. [...]
[...] Spain implements studies by administrations and associations or by private organizations. Over 200 sectarian groups are thus counted. Is set up control of illegal proselytism. Is, on the other hand, created an offense against the freedom of conscience is created. Finally, the Criminal Code was reformed in 1995 to allow the dissolution of associations whose purpose is lawful but violent or unlawful means. The operating Italy, meanwhile, in 1994, the first census of alternative religions: 366 sects. In the Netherlands, the question is eliminated from the outset in 1980. [...]
[...] Keller against Germany 4 March 1998: school administration, Scientology, respect for the religious convictions of parents. Tsavachidis against Greece of 28 October 1997: freedom of association, Jehovah's witnesses, legal opening of a place of worship. Efstratiou against Greece of 11 April 1996: religious beliefs, Jehovah's witnesses, teaching. Pentidis, Katharios and Stagopoulos against Greece on 27 February 1996: Jehovah's witnesses, use of a private room as a place of worship and religious celebrations. Valsamis against Greece on 6 July 1995: religious beliefs, Jehovah's witnesses, teaching. [...]
[...] No international convention gives. Moreover, faced with this difficulty, the Strasbourg Court was content to assume that it was religion or belief": ARM Chapel against the UK on 14 July 1987. It is required, all the same, in an inadmissibility decision, that religion is "identifiable" X c. UK 1977. It should, in particular, establish facts proving the existence of religion "Wicca". Similarly it is necessary to define the concept of "sectarian aberrations". This implies a radical alternative ideology, exclusive and intolerant. [...]
[...] Finally, the Church of Scientology. The sects are thus a major challenge because of their presence in all sectors: health, vocational training, human rights, children, education, lobbying, science etc . This is why authors like Gilbert Klein emphasizes the difficulty the lack of legal definition of cults and the changing nature of the concept of public policy. "Can we freely give up his freedom? "The renunciation of human right and human dignity can be seen as a breach of public order". [...]
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