English basics - Culture, politics, sociology

Extract

[...] Much more reserved view on freedoms and equalities. More Conservative. The faifth of Jews : The basis of their religion, the Judaism is also the basis of Christianity and Islam. All religions in England. The Hindus are more philosophy. Buddhism the first after the Sikhism. Debates around the religion : Atheism : A person who does not accept the claims that a god exists. Agnostic : A person who is unsure whether or not claims that a god exists is true or not. [...]

[...] BBC : Market share around quality of its programs. BBC radio network : More dominant with a market share of ITV / Channel 4 / Channel 5 : Terrestrial commercial networks viewers and and BBC most popular source commercial and political, is relatively impartial ( centre or centre-left Channel 4 the left and other centre-right. Less polarization ( influence ) compared to the US. Royal Family : Britain a parliamentary or constitutional monarchy Since 1688 Glorious Revolution powers of sovereign been limited by Parliament Absolute political power, modern day monarch exercice authority within confines of UK's Constitution, monarch acts are limited because of conventions of behaviours Sovereign is Head of State, Head of the Church of England, Head of the Armed Forces, Queen Elizabeth is also the Head of the Commonwealth Power of the monarch : Opening and dissolving Parliament ( at the request of the Prime Minister ) Appointing the Prime Minister ( illusory leader of a party ) Signing the bills passe in Parliament so the become acts Appointing bishops and members of the House of Lords Creating new peers, appointing senior civil servants and granting honors, giving the Royal Pardon Act with advice of ministers Symbolic function : Head of the Commonwealth and representative the nation. [...]

[...] Two-Party system bipartism : Conservatives : Oldest in Europe 17th century. Modern founded in 1834. Right of center, Prime Minister Theresa May. Policy lower taxation. Traditionally associated with aristocracy and landowners. Support of middle class and British economics groups. Labour : Origine 1893, Scottish miner and member of Parliament ( MP ) set up a socially society known as the Independent Labour Party unions affiliated, term « socialism » since 1992. After 18 years of power, victory in 1997, reinvented as « New Labour » Leadership Tony Blair. [...]

[...] Officially leave the EU on March 2019, UK and EU negotiating terms of withdrawal. « divorce bill », money owes to EU, Irish Border and rights for UK citizens in EU and EU in UK. In June 2018 Parliament passed EU withdrawal Act. Hard Brexit : Stop being member EU, single market . Soft Brexit : Remain in the single market . But concessions on immigration . Remainers : Want to leave EU. Transitional deal/implementation phase : Transitional deal is necessary, have more times to agree terms before UK leaves EU. [...]

[...] Scotland : Since 1999, Scottish Parliament legislates all matters not reserved by British Parliament : education / health / agriculture and justice for example. Wales : National Assembly For Wales also began in 1999, less power than SP, created own laws 2006 and Wales Act 2017 same power as Scottish Parliament. Northern Ireland : 1999, Northern Ireland Assembly combined Northern Ireland executive similar power Scottish Parliament. Tensions between Unionists ( mainly protestant ) and Republicans ( mainly Catholics ) difficult to exercise power largest parties ( Sinn Fein and DUP ) not agree who first minister and no government is in place. [...]