The end of WWII and the Cold War

Extract

[...] The end of WWII and the Cold War The Horror of war : Global: 75 million dead of global population ) WWI : 15-19 million END OF WWII AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION The Bretton Woods Institutions The United Nations Created 1944 U.S. dollar replaces British pound as global reserve currency International Monetary Fund World Bank General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs Created 1945 International treaty creating global forum to resolve disputes and foster cooperation among nations Prevent and limit war A. [...]

[...] Central Intelligence Agency 3. National Security Council Development of nuclear weapons 2. Strengthen traditional military power 3. Create military alliances 4. Military and economic aid to friendly governments 5. [...]

[...] MCCARTHYISM Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy 9 February 1950 : speech Wheeling, West Virginia Attacked "enemies from within" the United States and the "traitorous actions" of government officials Repression : Soviet spies and espionage The loyalty checks E. THE KOREAN WAR (1950-1953 ) WWII North Korea RAF 657,000 tons on Germany 1942-1945 RAF and USAF 1.2 million tons on Germany USAF 503,000 tons in Pacific theatre 635,000 tons of bombs 32,557 tons of napalm Towns and Cities destroyed The Arms Race : Korean War changes the course of the Cold War U.S. defense spending Soviet Union creates Warsaw Pact in reaction to NATO 1955 : West Germany enters NATO U.S. [...]

[...] POSTWAR HARD TIMES Shortages of meat, cars, housing, and other goods 14.5 million workers unionized ( 35% ) Wages decrease Difficult transition from total war economy to civilian economy Women : 68-85% of women wanted to remain at their WWII jobs Forced to accept pay cuts and shuffling to light industry or service Veterans and the GI Bill : The Servicemen's Readjustment Act ( GI Bill ) 16 million veterans job training and education Claim unemployment insurance Low-interest loans to buy homes, farms, businesses B. THE AMERICAN CENTURY To combat a new depression, the United States sought access to raw materials, global markets, and security for investments Nuclear monopoly American culture The Truman Doctrine : Speech to Congress 12 March 1947 $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey Announcement of U.S. policy of containing the USSR C. THE NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF 1947 New institutions Goals of U.S. foreign policy Defense Department 2. [...]