In the aftermath of the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, feelings of fear, anxiety and uncertainty were understandably abundant. When the dust had settled, America would officially declare war against not only the Japanese, but also Germany and Italy. As is the case with any other war, the American people were expected to make certain sacrifices. There was, however, a particular group of Americans that were not only asked to make a sacrifice, but were instead forced to do so. That group, Americans of Japanese parentage, sacrificed a right that many Americans, including those of Japanese descent, would find themselves fighting for on foreign soil—freedom.
[...] Through analysis of Mine Okubo's drawings in Citizen 13660, the factor of race as a primary justification for the internment of Japanese Americans begins to gain momentum. Before even arriving at the internment camps, Okubo illustrates that racial differences may have already been pronounced and that the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor only served to propagate certain negative racial attitudes towards Japanese Americans. In one image depicting Mine and her brother first hearing about the attack on Pearl Harbor, Mine and her brother appear genuinely worried. [...]
[...] Citizen 13660: Race as justification for internment In the aftermath of the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor on December feelings of fear, anxiety and uncertainty were understandably abundant. When the dust had settled, America would officially declare war against not only the Japanese, but also Germany and Italy. As is the case with any other war, the American people were expected to make certain sacrifices. There was, however, a particular group of Americans that were not only asked to make a sacrifice, but were instead forced to do so. [...]
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