The colonization of North America began in the early seventeenth century and was mainly carried out by Spain, France and England. British colonization was inaugurated in 1607 by the establishment of the first colony, organized around the city of Jamestown, Virginia. Throughout the century, the Puritans, persecuted in their country came to populate the colonies of New England and the northern colonies as England seized the Dutch possessions (New York, New Jersey and Delaware) in 1664. Finally, the last two settlements were established in Pennsylvania in 1681 and Georgia in 1732. Half of the thirteen British colonies emerged in nearly a century, independent of each other, different in their organization, and linked to the Crown in different ways. The thirteen red and white horizontal bands that are still found on the current American flag are in honor of these thirteen founding colonies.
[...] Establishment of institutions in the American colonies and growth of the United States • September : New Constitution inspired by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and James Wilson was adopted- it provided: - A federal power to maintain the independence of the colonies ; - Equality between large and small states with an equal representation in the Senate and proportional to the House of Representatives ; - The separation of powers system of checks and balances "checks and balances" • September George Washington became the first president of the United States (1789-1797) • 1791 : The first ten amendments to the Constitutions were adopted as the Bill of Rights Both parties shared power : - the Federalist Party, represented by Hamilton and Washington - the Republican Party, represented by Jefferson and Madison The parties successively lead to the same policy of territorial expansion, engaging in wars against England or against Mexico. (See Map) Finally, with 31 states, the country has tripled in size since 1789 and is preparing for war (1861-1865), reflecting the divisions between the colonies of North and South. Bibliography - Remond (Rene), History of the United States, PUF - Cottret (Bernard), The American Revolution. The pursuit of happiness, 1763-1787, Paris, Perrin - Fohlen (Claude) From Washington to Roosevelt. [...]
[...] So their claim was " No taxation without representation The government did not believe in the possibility of a real rebellion of the colonies. The tax was imposed again in 1667 (taxes on glass, paper and especially the tea). The "Boston Massacre" followed on March where guards fired at the unhappy crowd, killing five people. Despite this, the city continued in this direction in 1773 by imposing a tax on tea in favor of the East India Company. Once again, the colonists revolted but England reacted harder and required the Massachusetts in so- called "rogue laws". [...]
[...] The Quakers, power of the Merronites, crown is Amishes. No limited major problems with Native Americans Map of the American colonies and dates of annexation To continental hegemony • The eighteenth century is that of Franco-British rivalry whose outcome would determine the future of the thirteen colonies. This rivalry peaked between 1763 and 1755 years with the Seven Years' War. Very quickly, the British took the lead thanks to their large population. The war ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1663 where France ceded all its continental possessions of America. [...]
[...] Independent of each other and diverse in their organization they were related to the Crown in different ways. The number thirteen is the story of the red and white horizontal bands that current U.S. flag still carries in honor of the founding colonies. Features of colonies Southern Colonies Social Economic Political Populatio y urban plantations where chartered society with Culture of colony and critical tobacco, royal colony of ports; complementary to administered Place of those of England by a governor religion, rice were grown. [...]
[...] On their part, the settlers stood on alert : The first clashes between the militia and the British troops took place in Lexington, outside Boston. At the same time, a second Continental Congress met and appointed George Washington as the commander of the army that must create and order. The War of Independence (1775-1783) • On July Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America. • After the British victory, the U.S. Army took the lead after the Battle of Saratoga on October and the French generals such as Lafayette and Rochambeau joined the American revolutionaries. [...]
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