The job of a manager is to help employees perform in the workplace and he must make sure that things are done through employees. A good manager is able to motivate his team. The topic of motivation is not easy to understand and it is important to understand human nature itself. Human nature is both easy and complex, and theorists will help us to understand it better. We will try to answer the following problem: "Using theories of motivation, evaluate the role played by salary and by non-financial incentives in promoting motivation in middle managers."
[...] Theory Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow was a psychologist and totally rejects the pessimist vision of Freud. His theory is around the meaning of human work. “This diagram shows Maslow's hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom.” Maslow thinks that man's behavior is influenced by his animal instincts (food, water, sleep, sex When needs are satisfied he wants the higher step: safety. Men are looking for perfection as well as it self-development and go step by step in order to attain the perfection. [...]
[...] The decision taken is not the optimum one but a good compromise if we take in consideration the lake of time and information. The theory X This theory is from Sigmund Freud and is not really optimistic. It takes in consideration the fact that people do not want to work and are lazy. Meaning that they hate working, they avoid it, have no ambitions, no initiatives and do not want responsibilities. They just want a job secure and in order to be motivated, they must be rewarded, intimidated and punished. [...]
[...] The highest step of self-actualization (the blue one) is integrity, responsibility, morality, creativity, spontaneity, lack of prejudice The prescription of Maslow against the human salvation is “hard work and total commitment to doing well the job that fate or personal destiny calls you to do, or any important job that “call doing.” Hygiene and motivation Theory: Frederick Herzberg This theory is based on the interview of 200 engineers and accountants in the US. People work first for their own interests and they are happy and healthy in their own work accomplishment. [...]
[...] In this part, we will be interested by the answers of the following questions: middle managers can motivate employees?” “What is the role played by salary and non- financial incentives in promoting motivation?” The importance of money According to Peter Drucker (1974), “There is not one shred of evidence for the all ged turning away from material rewards ( ) Antimaterialism is a myth, no matter how much is extolled.” The denial of material rewards can be a proof of de-motivation. [...]
[...] In a second plan, they wanted advancement, a good type of work, and a company they were proud to work for (recognition). People did not seem so interested by money and financial benefits. To conclude, the result of this test proves that money is not the first interest of an employee. II. Theorists and theories The basis of management, as we learn it today, is a twentieth century phenomenon and has been defined by some well-known theorists as Douglas Mc Gregor, Abraham Maslow, Rensis Likert Herbert A.Simon was the first management theoretician to obtain in 1978 a Nobel Prize in economy. [...]
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