United States, supply Chain, catch shares, management system, stakeholder, fishery, political meeting, ocean, sustainably, competitiveness, EDF Environmental Defense Fund
Catch shares (CS) is a fishery management system that allocates a secure privilege to harvest a specific area or percentage of a fishery's total catch to individuals, communities, or associations (NOAA, 2017). CS become primordial because the global consumption of fish doubled in 50 years (Mettler, D., 2017). Moreover, the global fish stock declined. However, the implementation of catch share does not make the unity between the little fishermen and the giant of the fisheries. This essay will discuss one issue of CS through stakeholders. A stakeholder is a person or group directly affected by or with interest in a decision, or with a legal responsibility and authority relative to a decision (Michel, B., 2019). Sustainability is prioritized at the expense of small-scale fishermen, which can lead to the overuse of the CS policy, which can be a disaster for small-scale fishermen (Mettler, D., 2017).
[...] These fishermen are not an isolated case, that is why their opinion must be heard even though what they defend is not guaranteed to be agreed. The increase in fish stock In my opinion catch shares have been implemented to shut down the decrease in the fish stock. Indeed, catch shares prevent and reverse fisheries collapse (EDF, 2012) because unlike the rest of the world, the fishermen of the United States have less opportunity to fish a huge number of fish in the ocean. [...]
[...] CS is a new vision for the fisheries. Fishermen must ask themselves if they want higher income and competitiveness or if they want to stay with the old traditions (Mettler, D., 2017). According to Ragnar Arnason (economist and expert in fisheries management), fishery stock and profitability are increasing. Furthermore, investments have been made possible thanks to a reorganization of the fisheries. Indeed, to assure fisheries, it is important to invest in physical assets, such as catch capacity, fishing vessels, fishing gears, or fishing nets (Bertheussen, B., A., 2020). [...]
[...] The destruction of small-scale fishermen Small-scale fisheries are destroyed due to CS. CS leads to a privatization of the fishery sectors because of the quotas that are imposed on each fisherman (Olson, J., 2011). As an example, small-scale fishermen can fish their annual quota in one day. It is the case for Aaron Williams who is trying to make ends meet to sustain his family. Thus, the catch-shares program has virtually privatized the oceans, destroying the livelihoods of many lifelong fishermen and other small businesses in the process (Mettler, D., 2017). [...]
[...] Catch shares policy CS policy proclaims sustainability of American fish stocks. However, the USA imports 30% of wild fish (NOAA, 2018). This is controversial for American fishermen because American consumers usually buy the cheapest fish. This cheapest fish is imported from other countries where the CS is not established. According to Steve, today imported fish in the USA is not reliable, because the supply chain does not have any traceability. He shows the injustice created by importation. In the USA, the measures and procedures for fishing are very strict. [...]
[...] In Oxford Scholarship Online, 368pp. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190885816.001.0001 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US Department of Commerce, (2018). "Aquaculture U.S. Aquaculture". Accessed on March https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/aquaculture/us-aquaculture National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US Department of Commerce, (2017). "Sustainable fisheries Catch Shares". Accessed on March https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/insight/catch-shares Olson, J., (2011). "Understanding and contextualizing social impacts from the privatization of fisheries: An overview". In Ocean & Coastal Management (Volume 54, Issue pp 353-363). [...]
APA Style reference
For your bibliographyOnline reading
with our online readerContent validated
by our reading committee
