One way to understand Latin American societies is to examine issues that cause conflict. These are most common when management tangles with urbanization, this has become a central issue, particularly since the late 1980s that saw the emergence to the "urban crisis" [1] . The articles in this paper all have their own views on this matter and deal with it in their own way. The articles are: ‘Latin America: the fragmented city' written by Marie Prevost-Schapira from France ( in 1999), ‘Barrios of Caracas or the paradox of the metropolis' written by Virginia Baby-Collin (in 2000), ‘Brazil, urban violence, stalemate safe' the June 2005 report by Amnesty International and ‘Lima. Gated for a dream vacation' written by Raul Matta (in 2007).The comparative analysis of these four articles brings a major issue to the fore i.e. do the large Latin American cities have a solution to the problem of social inequality and violence in urban areas, or are this just a new vector of factors for exclusion and social differentiation? We will first trace the evolution of urbanization in Latin America to establish a foundation for our comparisons. Then we will see how a phenomenon of social disintegration can take place in the absence of government response to the expectations of cities, and at the end, we will be able to understand how to create new forms of sociability and interaction.
I- Development of urbanization in Latin America
Latin America is a region whose history is of great interest to the world.
Tags: situation in Latin America, companies in Latin America, urbanization in Latin America
[...] Before that, the city was considered to be a "place of integration and social advancement" .By then, of course, the social inequalities had already been strongly marked but the poor could be integrated into the urban environment through clientelistic policies that allowed them to hope for an improvement in their living conditions and social status. This is why we have long seen the Latin American cities as essentially different from their northern counterparts. However, the economic difficulties of the 1980s caused profound changes to these Latin American cities. The city no longer has an environment that nurtures the mirage of social mobility that is fostered by the patronage politics of the socio-populist years. Violence erupts as a result of this. [...]
[...] An example of such an incident took place in Buenos Aires. Marie Prevost-Schapira referred to this as an "urban crisis" or a "new cycle." 2 - Middle class – strata in flux The geographer emphasizes on a social class that is often forgotten and little known because is often elusive. She defines this class as one that is made up of credit-worthy people who have access to the formal housing market and social protection. A vast majority of whom are graduates from universities, government officials, professionals and workers are judged based on their living standards . [...]
[...] Thus, any individual from one of these neighborhoods is immediately branded as a potential offender and a danger that is to be avoided. However, despite the autarkic development of urban Latin American neighborhoods, new forms of sociability and interaction have emerged to supplement the deficient state. III- New forms of sociability and interaction As shown in the sections that have been referenced for this analysis, except for the Amnesty International report, the collective actions certainly have lost their momentum in the last thirty years. [...]
[...] Study of Latin American societies in the context of urbanization One way to understand Latin American societies is to examine issues that cause conflict. These are most common when management tangles with urbanization, this has become a central issue, particularly since the late 1980s that saw the emergence to the "urban crisis" . The articles in this paper all have their own views on this matter and deal with it in their own way. The articles are: ‘Latin America: the fragmented city' written by Marie Prevost-Schapira from France ( in 1999), ‘Barrios of Caracas or the paradox of the metropolis' written by Virginia Baby-Collin (in 2000), ‘Brazil, urban violence, stalemate safe' the June 2005 report by Amnesty International and ‘Lima. [...]
[...] The Amnesty International report on urban violence in the favelas (slums) of Brazil is an indicator of this aspect. Known for their violence and danger, the slums of Rio de Janeiro were hit the worst by this scourge As highlighted Nilmario Miranda, former Secretary of State for Human Rights of Brazil, this phenomenon is exacerbated by the inefficiency of the Brazilian police that has a " homicide clearance rate that is less than In addition, urban violence is dealt with by the executions and torture that are perpetrated by both the police and death squads. [...]
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