Russia has inherited the powerful heavy industry of the USSR, especially steel mills, refineries and chemical plants. The sectors of weapons and the Aerospace are still well developed. Since the beginning of the 1990's, the planned economy turned to a market economy. The economic and political situation was disturbed until 1998 when the Russian financial system collapsed. Indeed between 1990 and 1998, the GDP decreased by 45%. Since 2000 and owing to the soaring raw material prices, the Russian economy experienced a strong rebound. Measurements were taken against tax fraud which resulted in the arrest of some oligarchs. The exports of Russian oil and gas provide 40% and 30% of the European Union's consumption and demand is increasing.
[...] In some areas, the land does not thaw during the year. It creates significant costs during the construction of buildings and infrastructures. When the ice thaws some areas become prone to flooding. d. Corruption After 1991 and the USSR collapse, most Russian companies owned by the state have been privatized. A lot of Russian managers of big companies have a link with the Russian mafia and also with the government. The criminal quotient is high; some criminal groups are involved in assassinations or extortions. [...]
[...] The Russian Constitution guarantees the equality of all citizens before the law, the independence of judges and their subjection to the law alone. Trials must be public and the right to defense is guaranteed to the accused. Since 2000, Dimitri Medvedev sits on the board of directors of Gazprom and even as president in 2002. Gazprom has been involved in the submarine pipeline connecting Russia and Western Europe by avoiding the Baltic States and Poland. Vladimir Putin, former President and current Prime Minister, was the director of the KGB in which he was actively involved earlier. [...]
[...] The French railway industry is widely recognized throughout the world. a. The currency The ruble is one of the oldest currencies of the world; it has existed for 800 years. The Russian ruble has been used in Russia since 1998, it replaces the ruble. A ruble corresponds to 100 Kopecks. This currency suffered 2 huge periods of depreciation: the first was in 1998 after the Russia crisis and the last one was in 2009 because of the oil price decrease. [...]
[...] These infrastructures are designed to increase exports of Russian gas to Europe. It is also a way for Russia to put pressure on western countries dependent of Russian resources. The high volatility of the ruble is also a risk to Western companies. The Russian crisis of 1998 is not far away. The huge Russian natural resources offer a real potential of growth. The future of Russia depends heavily today on the price of natural resources but depend less and less through the development of other sectors and high investment. [...]
[...] Pakistan is the shortest time oriented country according to Hofstede. IV- Conclusion Russia is a particular country but so interesting to discover. Russia's role keeps growing at the international level. The Russian economy is growing rapidly and offers great opportunities for foreign firms, including French. Domestic consumption is growing at high speed. However the Russian market remains relatively risky, indeed the political risk is always present. Russian growth is highly linked to the price of gas and oil because of exports. [...]
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