Logistics techniques for international trade

Angela L.

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Logistics techniques for international trade

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Themes

Logistic techniques, international trade, business relationships, negotiations, sale of goods, foreign supplies, trade, United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, globalization, contractual phase, finances, bonds

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Abstract

Local companies have traded with foreign companies for many years. These business relationships may consist of the buying and selling of goods, but large-scale corporate buyouts and mergers play a role on the international stage as well. Before an agreement is reached between two (international) companies, it is first necessary to negotiate. By entering into negotiations, the parties aim to achieve the best possible result for themselves, while establishing a good relationship with the future contractual partner. Negotiations will not always be successful, as a trading party may decide to break off negotiations. Under the international convention on contracts for the sale of goods, it is possible to break off negotiations.

The pre-contractual phase
1. The approach of foreign suppliers
2. International sales offer
The contractual phase or legal elements
1. The international contract for the sale of goods
2. Incoterms 2020
Logistics aspect of international trade
1. Packaging, palletization and containerization
2. International transport
3. Transportation of dangerous goods
4. The carrier's liability
5. Transport insurance
International payment
1. Foreign exchange and trade regulations
2. International payment techniques
International trade finance
1. Short-term financing techniques
2. Medium- and long-term financing techniques
3. First demand bonds
Credits by signature at the international level
1. Administrative bonds
2. Customs bonds
3. Letter of guarantee for lack of an original bill of lading
Coverage of risks related to international trade operations
1. Hedging techniques related to foreign market prospecting operations
2. Risk coverage techniques after delivery of the goods

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[...] Among the financing techniques, we can distinguish: -Supplier credit: This is a bank loan that is granted directly to the supplier. The latter can thus grant payments to the various buyers. -Buyer credit: This credit is a loan that is granted directly to an importer who is installed in country by a bank in country - International leasing is called "leasing": this is a technique for financing capital goods intended for professional use via the advantages provided by leasing. - Forfaiting: for a seller who has granted payment terms to an importer to assign the receivables in his possession to an organization such as a bank. [...]

[...] It is certainly an asset for the transport of dangerous goods. -Road transport. It is the most flexible mode of transport, but it contributes significantly to traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions compared to other modes. The lead time is the shortest, and the investment costs are also relatively low. C. Transportation of dangerous goods ADR regulations The ADR contains everything about dangerous goods, how they are classified, how to recognize them, requirements for packaging, tanks and vehicles, conditions of carriage and the obligations of all parties involved. [...]

[...] Letter of guarantee for lack of an original bill of lading 1. Regarding the bill of lading The bill of lading is usually prepared and issued by the shipping agent of the vessel on which the shipment is transported. Common practice is to issue three originals, or four if a notify party is indicated: an original is sent by the supplier to the consignee (and one to the notifying party) with the other shipping documents; two originals are sent by the supplier to headquarters, which keeps one original and forwards the other original to the recipient's field office, in case the bill of lading sent directly by the supplier does not arrive. [...]

[...] The international contract for the sale of goods 1. International law: the law to be applied within the EU For many companies, international trade will take place within the borders of Europe. Commercial contracts concluded within the EU are subject to the European "Rome regulation. This regulation determines the national legislation to be applied. It follows from the "Rome Regulation that an agreement is governed by the law chosen by the parties. The choice of applicable law must be expressly made or clearly emerge from the provisions of the contract. [...]

[...] The technique is to resort to banks which offer exchange risk hedging systems. -For civil liability risks. Liability insurance must be purchased from an insurance company. Bibliographical references Kuyven, L. F. (2010). Pre-contractual liability in international trade: foundations and applicable rules with a view to harmonization. Samson, C. (1982). The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods: A comparative study of the provisions of the Convention and the relevant Quebec law rules. [...]

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