Motivation theories, cycle and motives

Sanjay K.

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Motivation theories, cycle and motives

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Abstract

Motivation is derived from Latin word ‘movere' that means ‘to move'. Motive means ‘that which move the will'. Motivating means to take more initiative & interest in the work assigned. It is an art of getting things done willingly from others. Motivation means that an individual in such a way it drives him/her to satisfy a need. The performance of an individual is function of his ability & willingness or desire to use his ability in achieving certain goals. The willingness or desire to act, to behave, to run, or even to keep quiet is what may be called in simplest manner as Motivation.

The greatest motivation comes from a person's belief system that means he needs to believe in what he does & accept responsibility. That is where motivation is important. They become more productive, personally & professionally. Their relationships improve both at home & at work life becomes more meaningful & fulfilled. Motivation is just like a fire - unless you keep adding fuel it dies, just like exercise & food don't last long neither does motivation. However the source of motivation is belief in inner values.

Introduction
Definitions
Motivation cycle
The motives
1. Primary motives
2. Secondary motives
3. General motives
Motivation theories
1. Maslow's need hierarchy theory
2. Managerial application of Maslow's theory
3. McClelland's three need theory
4. Vroom's expectancy theory
5. Fredrick Herzberg's two factor theory of motivation
6. Motivational implications of McGregor's theory
7. Reinforcement theory of motivation
8. Alderfer's ERG theory
9. Equity theory
10. Goal setting theory
Conclusion

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[...] Physiological needs: - This includes food, clothing, shelter, hunger, thirst, sleep, and etc. which are the basic needs. Safety needs: - These includes security and protection from physical and emotional harm which is a safety needs. According to Maslow, once physiological needs are satisfied then only a person moves to safety needs, unless it is not fulfilled the person does not move further. Affiliation needs: - These include belongingness and love needs such as affection, acceptance, and friendly relations, need to connect with other people, etc. [...]

[...] People will exercise self-direction and self control in the serve of objectives to which they are committed. People have potential under proper conditions, they learn to accept and seek responsibility. MOTIVATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF MC GREGOR'S THEORY: - In the framework of Maslow's theory, Theory X assumes that basic needs dominate individuals. Theory Y assumes that met needs or growth needs dominate people. Mc Gregor himself held that Theory Y assumptions about human nature are more valid than Theory X. This made him propose such ideas as participative management, responsible and challenging jobs and good relations for maximizing an employee's job motivation. [...]

[...] FREDRICK HERZBERG'S TWO FACTOR THEORY OF MOTIVATION: - Theory of motivation is based on the information, which is collected by him from certain interviews of engineers and accountants in nine companies. The information, which is collected, related to the attitude of people towards work. This attitude towards work depends on two sets of factor namely hygiene or maintenance factors and the motivating factors. Hygiene or maintenance factor: - According to Her berg, the hygiene factors do little contribution to provide job satisfaction. [...]

[...] He will select an alternative tat would give him the highest benefit. This theory states that motivation to work is strongly determined by an individual's perception that a certain type of behavior will lead to a certain type of result and his personal preferences for that type of result. This theory puts forward three concepts, which are: - o Valence: - It represents the value of an outcome for a person e.g. higher salary. o Instrumentality: - It represents a person's belief that his improved performance will result in reward. [...]

[...] Actually, it is being observed that people spend a lot of time in looking at things- Movies, Books, Newspapers, News places and objects even in just moving about it means there are certain unlearned motives other than physiological ones. And they may be called as general motives and these motives include curiosity, activity, manipulation and affection motive. There is distinction between general and primary motives. Primary motives needs seek to reduce tension or stimulation and general motives needs induce a person to increase the amount of stimulus. [...]

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