TOPIC 1 : CIRCULAR ECONOMY : CHALLENGES AND BENEFITS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

The circular economy is a subject that tends to come back more and more in recent years. Indeed, environmental concerns are becoming increasingly strong, especially since the appearance of Covid-19 in 2020.

In what way does the circular economy allow for a significant reduction in waste of resources over the long term?

In the first part, give the definitions and main characteristics of the circular economy. How does it work, on what principle is it based? Talk about recycling, second-hand, which is increasingly used in the world of commerce, but also about reducing waste and its importance in terms of ecology.

A second part could be devoted to the consequences of the circular economy on the environment, talking in particular about pollution, greenhouse gases, biodiversity.

Finally, what are the challenges of the circular economy for today but also for the future? Talk about consumers, the need to raise awareness of more responsible practices, and what this can also bring to businesses.


TOPIC 2 : SUSTAINABLE TOURISM : ISSUES AND CHARACTERISTICS

More and more consumers are interested in sustainable tourism, which is more respectful of the planet. Indeed, tourism is often considered a very polluting sector, and this worldwide.

How does sustainable tourism allow for reducing the negative impacts on the environment and preserving resources for future generations at the same time?

In a first part, define the term of sustainable tourism, what are its characteristics, the differences with other forms of tourism. It is also possible to make a tour d'horizon of the different types of tourism existing, as there are more and more that have appeared in recent years.

In a second part, talk about the stakes of sustainable tourism. Analyze the environment, the cultural aspect also and economic, with the negative consequences of tourism.

Finally, discuss the characteristics of sustainable tourism, with the importance of sensitization, education, or even the participation of local actors.

TOPIC 3 : THE CHALLENGES ON ENVIRONMENT AND THE PARIS AGREEMENT

The Paris Agreement, treaty on the theme of climate, was drafted in 2015.

In what way does the Paris Agreement represent a means of limiting the adverse consequences that human activities can have on the environment?

In a first part, talk of the various challenges that exist regarding environmental protection. Among these, highlight the issue of climate change, pollution, or even biodiversity protection.

In a second part, link with the Paris Agreement. What are the problems raised? How are they implemented by different States? Which countries have signed this treaty? How are the objectives set in place controlled? Link to questions related to climate change, adaptation to these changes, and the necessary funding to achieve these goals.

Finally, it is possible to highlight the difficulties faced by these countries, such as notably the problems of financing or inequalities between countries. Also speak about the energy transition.



TOPIC 4 : THE NECESSARY ADAPTATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE IN THE FACE OF THE CLIMATE PROBLEM

With all the infrastructure present in urban areas, some cities appear to be increasingly polluted.

In what has it become necessary to adapt the urban world to climate changes?

In the first part, talk about urban landscapes and the consequences of climate-related problems on cities themselves, but also on citizens and the many impacts that this can have on their health.

What are the challenges to be overcome for cities to be more sustainable from an ecological point of view? Talking about more vulnerable areas, the heat effect which is very present especially in large agglomerations, pollution, but also water management and transportation issues, of course.

In another part, provide guidelines for adapting this space as best as possible. Highlight solutions such as creating more green spaces that can recreate a more natural landscape and better suited to the needs of nature. Make the link with the construction methods of new buildings, which must use greener and more durable materials.

TOPIC 5: THE IMPORTANCE OF SENSITIZING THE POPULATION TO ECO-FRIENDLY BEHAVIORS

Today more than ever, it seems necessary to raise awareness among all the populations of every country about respecting the environment.

How can environmental awareness lead to a significant reduction in pollution and the conservation of natural resources worldwide?

In the first part, talk about consumer behavior in terms of consumption, particularly. How can consumption strongly affect the environment and why?
Since a few years ago, one notes a greater responsibility on the part of buyers.

In a second part, talk about new trends that have emerged over several years already, such as the multiplication of second-hand purchases in all domains, clothing and accessories, but also electronics. How can an informed population better change things? What is the link between individual consumption and corporate behavior? Highlight the fact that companies must adapt to their customers' demands to gain in productivity and competitiveness.



CONCLUSION

In 2024, climate is one of the major concerns for world policymakers. It is a notion that aims to be central and has undeniable consequences on economic actors in all countries. Improving climate conditions is a major challenge to improve economic growth, but also from a social perspective, to help populations worldwide live better. Over time, consumers begin to understand these issues, and their practices become increasingly responsible. Indeed, consumption patterns change, the old replaces the new, and tourism becomes gradually more green, more sustainable. Consequently, as we have seen in the subjects proposed above, the challenges to be overcome are both environmental, social, political, but also economic. Companies, to improve their competitiveness and differentiate themselves from others, opt for a more ecological approach to their practices. This allows them, among other things, to improve their reputation and notoriety among an increasingly demanding clientele. The subjects of memory may also highlight economic inequalities, since they are numerous. A better understanding of the environment is a way to better distribute resources and develop at the same time other opportunities in the economy.