Collegiate publication censorship: Will Hazelwood infiltrate campus life?

Melissa W.

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Collegiate publication censorship: Will Hazelwood infiltrate campus life?

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Abstract

In the United States of America, over 295,516,700 citizens enjoy a considerable amount of freedom. A vast assortment of backgrounds, races, and occupations are compiled to make up the population of America. Although this diversity is combined to make a powerful country, it also brings internal conflict. All of the religions, ancestries, and different levels of financial stability make for a difficult audience for the media to please, especially if readers are better defined as students of schools that are financially supported by the government. The ongoing battle between the freedom to print material, regardless of restriction, and the freedom to place boundaries on the content of material, rages on. Censorship serves as a complicated concept, with many layers. The age of the target audience that the publication caters to has successfully acquired the right of appropriate censorship in the landmark case Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. Although this precedent was specifically fashioned for high school newspapers, some fear the standards set forth in the Hazelwood case may infiltrate college campuses.

Introduction.
1. A considerable amount of freedom.
2. Fear of the standards set forth in the Hazelwood case may infiltrate college campuses.
Suggestions given by Cathy Kuhlmeier, former layout editor, and Spectrum staffers.
The 1969 Tinker v. Des Moines decision.
The mandatory acceptance of the Hazelwood conclusion.
The case of Kincaid v. Gibson and Kentucky State University's disapproval of the cover's color.
The case of Hosty v. Carter or Hosty v. Governors State University.
Conclusion.

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[...] Until a case comes along that sets a precedent both appealing to the protection of journalists' First Amendment rights and overall contentment of readers, the ideas behind the Hazelwood case will remain as the measuring stick. Works Cited Cathy Cowan reflects on her high school journalism fight in Hazelwood case. First Amendment Feb < http:>. Calvert, Clay, and Don R. Pember. Mass Media Law. New York: McGraw Hill; 2005. College Hazelwood case continues. Student Press Law Center Feb < http:>. Course-based Webpages, Listserv, & Topclass. [...]

[...] Cathy Cowan reflects on her high school journalism fight in Hazelwood case. First Amendment Feb < http:>. Same as 1 Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District. Legal Information Institute Feb http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/search/display.html?terms=tinker&url=/sup ct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0393_0503_ZO.html. same as 4 Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District. Legal Information Institute Feb http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/search/display.html?terms=tinker&url=/sup ct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0393_0503_ZO.html. Calvert, Clay, and Don R. Pember. Mass Media Law. New York: McGraw Hill; 2005. Cathy Cowan reflects on her high school journalism fight in Hazelwood case. First Amendment Feb < http:>. [...]

[...] Gibson, once again addressed the issue of whether or not the Hazelwood standard would apply on a collegiate level. The three-judge panel could not see the benefits of applying such censorship capabilities to college campuses and voted unanimously to dismiss the case, ruling in favor of the student journalist. The court concretely stated their belief by writing “treating these students like 15-year-old high school students and restricting their First Amendment rights by an unwise extension of Hazelwood would be an extreme step for us to take absent more direction from the Supreme Court[27].” Recently another case concerning university level censorship was brought to the attention of the legal system. [...]

[...] Legal Information Institute Feb http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/search/display.html?terms=tinker&url=/sup ct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0393_0503_ZO.html The Hazelwood Decision and Student Press : A Complete Guide to the Supreme Court Decision. Scholastic Teachers Feb [...]

[...] Questions have been raised concerning what exactly constitutes an extracurricular activity and whether or not it is academically connected enough to be considered for Hazelwood guidelines. Two federal court cases may suggest otherwise considering judges have ruled “that extracurricular publications may be beyond "Hazelwood's" reach[20].” Other exclusions to the Hazelwood principle include college and university publications, although the decision was not a confident one. Justice White “noted specifically in a footnote that the court did not at that time have to decide whether its ruling might also be applied to school-sponsored college and university newspapers[21].” Despite these forms of censorship having been established as an official protocol, some states are fighting back. [...]

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