cinema, film, Brighton School, camera, Méliès, history of cinema, history, cineast, picture, ENS Louis-Lumière, art
A freshman graduating in Cinema would probably have questions about how Cinema has evolved since 1895. Although, more precisely, the question to ask is when and what are the basis of the cinema we know today. The Brighton School started in 1898 with Robert William Paul. He built his own camera: the « Kinetic Camera » based on the Méliès one. After that, the new cineasts of Great Britain came to join William Paul who was living in Brighton. The most important reason was that there was more light than in London, and therefore it was more comfortable to shoot movies. We can't deny the role that had the Brighton School in the foundation of the speech in Cinema. How did the Brighton School change the way of telling stories in Cinema, using in particular a new method of editing and giving a new role to the camera?
[...] To have an interest in the way of telling stories in Cinema is firstly to look at History and find the pathfinders, the precursors of what is editing and what is the camera itself, what can be its role. The Brighton School is really important because of what it brought in these domains. In parallel, other filmmakers like Méliès really thought the shot as a hole, a non fragmentable « picture ». The important role of the Brighton School in cinema The Brighton School invented the basis of the editing known today and that filmmakers use in every movie. [...]
[...] How Brighton School reinvented the way of using the camera The Brighton School was also innovating in the way of using the camera. In particular with the subjective camera. In fact, it permitted to put the sight of the spectator at the place of one character's eyes. So that it was possible to see what this character was looking at. The first one to do that was George Albert Smith in 1900, still in the same movie As seen through a telescope. [...]
[...] The « old » Cinema, placing the camera as an only recorder of what was happening on stage, was definitely over and swallowed by the new Cinema, which brought a new editing and a new camera role: a new kind of speech. Méliès and the camera To make a parallel, the other cineasts at the time, and especially Méliès, really thought the shot as a « picture » « tableau » in French for Méliès). It couldn't be cut or slit (for example the close-up of a key by Méliès that I explained above). [...]
[...] Though it's possible to say that Albert Smith really invented editing by slitting the shot to slot a close-up. As I said, it was a close-up of a calf, and at the time, it was not really accepted to cut the bodies apart in the movies, that's why there were multiple reactions against this movie and especially this shot. And this is again the proof that Smith created a speech: he permitted reactions and feelings. James Williamson, also in 1900 invented the shot/reverse shot in the movie Attack on a China Mission. [...]
[...] It's possible now to clearly say that the Brighton School changed the way of telling stories, more particularly by inventing an editing that created a speech and by using the camera in a different way than only objectively capturing and recording. The Brighton School almost vanished in the History of Cinema. So, it would be interesting to study how the underground Cinema, and especially the Brighton School, was nearly erased from History by the spread of the studios like Pathé, and how this would have been dramatic in an artistic point of view. [...]
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